Yalokwu Patrick O2026-04-202026-04-202011-09-11alokwu, P. O. (2001). Quality primary education in Ethiopia in the 21st century: Issues, problems and strategies for improvement. Institute of Educational Research, Addis Ababa University.https://repository.crawforduniversity.edu.ng/handle/123456789/1413This study examines the state of quality primary education in Ethiopia in the 21st century, focusing on the key issues and challenges affecting its effectiveness. Despite significant progress in expanding access to primary education, concerns remain regarding the quality of teaching, inadequate infrastructure, limited instructional materials, and insufficient teacher training. Additional problems such as large class sizes, regional disparities, and socio-economic barriers continue to hinder equitable learning outcomes. The paper analyzes these challenges and explores practical strategies for improvement, including policy reform, investment in teacher development, curriculum enhancement, and strengthening educational management systems. It concludes that a comprehensive and sustained approach is essential to ensure inclusive, high-quality primary education for all children in Ethiopia.enBook chapter