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Awareness, Perception, Acceptance and Attitude of Parents towards School On-Air Programmes in Ekiti State, Nigeria: A Case Study of Covid-19 Era
(Journal of applied Information Science and Technology, 2021-01-14) Mathew A. Farukuoye, Kolawole A. Aramide, Elizabeth Bukunola Lateef.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the level of Awareness, Perception, Acceptance and Attitude of Parents towards School on-Air Programmes in Ekiti State Nigeria during COVID-19 Era. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopted a descriptive research design of survey type and it is meant to ensure that the evidence obtained enables this research to answer four research questions that were formulated for the study. The research questions addressed four parameters which are awareness, acceptance, perception and attitude. Questionnaires were administered electronically to parents in the selected location of the study and the method of data analysis employed in the study was descriptive statistics and this includes percentages and frequency distribution. Findings: The results of the analysed data revealed that parents’ awareness of the School on-air programmes is high as 99.1% affirmed that they were aware of the programmes on Ekiti State radio station. However the perception of the parents is positive as 88.8% of the respondents found the programmes not boring and 84% of the respondents disagree with the statement that the programmes is not ideal for teaching and learning process, by implication majority are in support of the programmes as ideal for teaching and learning process. The level of the parents’ acceptance of school on-air programmes is high as majority of the respondents 96.4% agree that the programmes is educative. While their attitude toward the programmes is highly encouraging as 71.0% indicated that even in the absence of electricity power supply by BEDC they always ensure there is an alternative means to ensure their children listen to the school on-air programmes on the radio. Practical Implications: The school on-air program expands the experiences of the children and support classes with under qualified teachers. Originality/Value: The originality of this paper lies in the argument on whether parents have sufficient knowledge about the school on-air program and it importance to the education survival.
FORENSIC ACCOUNTING TECHNIQUES AND FINANCIAL MISCONDUCT AMONG FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA
(2023-07) ALEXANDER, TUNDE OGUNTUASE
In Nigeria, fraud is a widespread phenomenon in different sectors of the economy, including the federal universities. Although forensic accounting techniques have proven to be an effective means of combating financial misconduct in developed economies around the world, their effectiveness in handling financial misconduct in Nigerian tertiary institutions remains unknown. Hence, this study assessed the influence of forensic accounting techniques on fund misappropriation, investigated the relationship that exists between forensic accounting techniques and value for money practices, and determined the effect of forensic accounting techniques on creative accounting practices. It also evaluated the relationship that exists between forensic accounting techniques and procurement practices with a view to mitigating financial misconduct among Federal Universities in Southwest Nigeria.
The study employed survey research design. Three hundred and sixty-four (364) respondents participated in the survey and data collected were analyzed using percentages, simple and multiple regression analysis.
The results showed that three techniques of forensic accounting namely, SCCP (β = -0.075, t = -3.097; IF (β = -0.575, t = -18.427; LS (β = -0.072, t = -3.011) were statistically significant and inversely affected fund misappropriation, whereas ADE (β = 1.141, t = 36.776) showed a positive significant effect on fund misappropriation. This implies that forensic accounting techniques have largely influenced fund misappropriation among federal universities in the Southwest. The result also showed that forensic accounting techniques exhibited a positive significant linear relationship with value for money practices F (4,359) = 135.998, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the study revealed that forensic accounting techniques significantly impacted on creative accounting practices, SCCP (t=-3.007, p< 0.05), IF (t=-72.93, p < 0.05). LS (t=-3.011, p < 0.05), ADE (t=147.38, p < 0.05). It was also found that forensic accounting techniques showed a positive linear relationship with procurement practices F (4,359) = 49.145, p < 0.05). The implication is that when forensic accounting techniques are strengthened, they will prevent over billing and other sharp practices in procurement processes.
The study concluded that forensic accounting techniques are veritable tools to combat financial misconduct. It is therefore recommended that forensic accounting techniques should be adopted to enhance their financial transparency and accountability among federal universities in Southwest Nigeria.
Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Inflation Rates in West Africa
(2023) Ojo, Felix Ayoola
In West African countries, the economic instability caused by inflationary pressure has prompted some concerns about the primary reasons driving inflation rates. This study examined the relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and inflation rates in 15 West African countries in the short run and long run covering a 31-year period from 1990 to 2020, with emphasis on differential effects in Anglophone and Francophone West African countries. The scope of the study is divided in geographical, contents and units of analysis. The Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) framework formed the basis for this study. The study adopted the monetarist and classical model of determinants of inflation which was remodified by incorporating inflation rate (INF), exchange rate (EXR), exchange rate volatility (EXRv), monetary policy variables, and fiscal policy variables. Panel data for all the variables were obtained from World Bank Development Indicators for the period under review. Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) estimation techniques were used for result reliability.
Volatility was generated through ARCH model while CUSUM test was carried out to check for the stability of the series. The ARDL model results showed that the previous inflation rate contributed about 7% to the recent price instability in the region. It was further revealed that exchange rate fluctuations positively influenced inflation rates by about 4% in Anglophone countries in the short run with greater influence in the Francophone countries. Meanwhile, the results from non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model revealed that exchange rate depreciation contributed not less than 2% to inflation rate in the long run and was statistically significant. The findings from Anglophone countries demonstrated that the policy of the monetary authorities to increase the quantity of money in circulation, if well managed, will not result in high rate of inflation in West African countries. Findings from Francophone countries showed that money supply, economic growth rate, and public debt did not contribute to the inflationary trends in the region. However, producer price index, the degree of trade openness, exchange rate and value added triggered inflation rates in the Francophone countries within the period under review.
According to the findings, exchange rate fluctuations contributed to inflationary pressures in the West African region. The study recommended that floating exchange rate regime should be maintained and supported with high productivity of farm produce for exports without damaging the consumption level of the domestic economy; and that monetary authorities in this region should employ contractionary monetary policy so as to reduce the stock of money in circulation. Monetary authorities in the region should also maintain single-digit inflation rate for price stability to be maintained. Single currency should also be adopted among the member states so as to stabilize
cross-border transactions, and finally, concessions in form of subsidies should be given to domestic industries so as to enhance productivity which will reduce the prices of goods and services and thereby reduce inflation to the barest minimum.
A Comparative Study of Determinants of Capital Structure of Multinational and Domestic Firms in Nigeria
(Department of Economics, College of Business and Social Sciences, Crawford University, Igbesa, Ogun State, 2023-09) Oyeneye, Kehinde Olufemi
This study investigated the determinants of capital structure of multinational corporations (MNCs) and domestic corporations (DCs) in Nigeria. The main objective is to investigate how capital structure determinant affect multinational firms and domestic firms in Nigeria. To achieve this, fifty-three non-financial firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) over the period of 2005 to 2019 were examined. Five firm-specific factors (leverage, profitability, tangibility, age and size), four macroeconomic factors that vary over time (GDP growth rate, Interest rate, Inflation rate and exchange rate) and four foreign macroeconomic factors that vary over time but country-specific (GDP growth rate, Interest rate, Inflation rate and exchange rate) were sourced from several editions of NSE fact book, several annual reports of included firms, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletins and World Development Indicators. Four issues were specifically examined. The first was to determine if multinational firm\s leverage ratio differs significantly from that of domestic firms. The second issue was to investigate the effect of firm-specific factors on MNCs and DCs. The third was to determine the influence of macroeconomic factors on MNCs and DCs. Finally, the study examined the effect of home country macroeconomic factors on multinational firms only. Panel data analysis was conducted for all models using the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) technique based on period-weight and cross-section weight. The analysis was anchored on two major theories of capital structure; the dynamic trade-off theory and pecking-order theory. The result showed that leverage ratio of multinational firms differs and significantly lower than that of domestic firms. Some factors like profitability, tangibility, interest rate and size were found to be largely responsible for the difference. Based on profitability, the result further showed that domestic firms follow the theoretical prediction of trade-off theory while multinational firms follow the theoretical prediction of pecking-order theory. Interest rate and exchange rate were revealed to have similar impact on leverage ratio for both MNCs and DCs in Nigeria and are significant at per cent. In addition, the inclusion of parent-country macroeconomic factors improves the explanatory power of the model in terms higher adjusted R2. Finally, the study showed that both category of firms pursued target leverage and that both MNCs and DCs respond to deviation from target leverage at the same rate (0.29), resulting in a speed of adjustment of 3.4. Some of the major recommendations from the study is that policy makers and managers of firms should first consider the macroeconomic conditions at home and abroad before taking decision on how much debt to retain in their capital so that over exposure will not affect the firm value and eventual liquidation. In summary, the study showed that MNCs and DCs do not have the same capital structure and are influenced by firm-specific variables and macroeconomic variables differently. The government is encouraged to be aware of the effect of macroeconomic factors on leverage decision of firms and therefore should put in place policies that will make the macroeconomic conditions more favourable to MNCs and DCs financial stability.
Fiscal and Monetary Policies in Sub Saharan Africa: Implications for Sustainable Development
(College of Business and Social Sciences, 2023-11) Timothy Oluwalogbon Ogunseye
Since the United Nations adopted the seventeen (17) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have started to rejig their fiscal and monetary policies to achieve the coveted goals in their different countries. Consequently, this study investigated the impact of fiscal and monetary policies on Sustainable Development (SD) of SSA economies. Twenty-one (21) SSA countries were considered in this study based on data availability. SD was proxied by three indicators, including the Human Development Index (HDI), Adjusted Net Savings (ANS) and Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI). The Macroeconomic Environment (MENV), measured by industrial sector growth was included to complete four (4) dependent variables. The explanatory variables include Monetary Policy Rate, (MPR) Exchange Rate (ER) and Money Supply (MS), Government Expenditure (GE) and Public Debt (PD). Institutional factor such as control of corruption (CO) was employed as an interactive variable with fiscal policy variables. The data, which covers the period of twenty-five (25) years (1996-2020) were culled from World Development Indicator (WDI), World Governance Indicator (WGI) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The data were analysed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, Error Correction Model (ECM) and other pre and post-estimation techniques of analyses. Following the ARDL results, the study found that MPR, GE, PD, CO and government expenditure interaction with control of corruption(GE*CO) contributed significantly to HDI in the short run. Also, the bound test results confirmed the existence of long-run relationship between HDI and the explanatory variables model. Hence, ECM established that the short run disequilibrium will be corrected in the long run at 1% on HDI. Adjusted Net Savings, MPR, GE and CO were found to have significant influence. However, no long-run interactions exist among the variables in the ANS model. In the ESI model, the results show that MPR and corruption control interaction with public debt (PD*CO) have significant impact on environmental sustainability in the short run. Similarly, long-run relationship exists between the variables. The short-run disequilibrium will be corrected in the long run at 6% as indicated by ECM results. Finally, PD, CO, and corruption control interaction with government expenditure (GE*CO) are significantly related with the macroeconomic environment in the short run. Following the long-run results, the disequilibrium in the short run will be corrected in the long run at 21%. Hence, the study concluded that GE, PD, CO and MPR are pivotal to the three dimensions of sustainable development. It was therefore recommended among others that SSA countries should minimize the volume of public debts contracted locally and abroad as this could lead to high debt servicing relative to revenue. Furthermore, SSA countries should modernize anti-corruption initiatives, grant full autonomy to anti-corruption agencies and introduce strict deterrent measures against corruption. In addition, member countries should fully embrace the United Nations Convention Against Corruption Coalition (UNCAC) to strengthen whistleblowing policies and protect whistleblowers as this would help to minimize the extent of rot and corrupt practices in their respective economies