Browsing by Author "Bankole-Ojo Olufunsho Samuel"

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    Antibacterial Screening of Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid functionalized silver nanoparticles synthesized by the microalgae Bryopsis pennata and Caulerpa taxifolia
    (Journal of Applied Surfaces and Interfaces, 2023) Agbaje-Daniels Folashade; Bankole-Ojo Olufunsho Samuel; Ukoh N.
    Abstract: The loss of antibiotics efficacy over common infections has raised concerns and resulted in significant research efforts to the search for new antibiotics or chemically altering existing ones for a better control of infectious diseases. In this study, the aqueous extracts of Bryopsis pennata and Caulerpa taxifolia were used to synthesize silver nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were functionalized with Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (amoxiclav). UV/visible spectroscopy was used to monitor the synthesis of the silver nanoparticles. The organic surface groups responsible for the capping and stabilization of the nanoparticles were analyzed using Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) studies showed that the silver nanoparticles formed had sizes in the range of 7 nm to 65 nm. The aqueous extracts of Bryopsis pennata and Caulerpa taxifolia showed very low activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca and Bacillus mycoides. Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococus aureus with values for the zone of growth inhibition ranging from 7 mm to 15 mm for both extracts at the maximum concentration of 500 μg/mL. Silver nanoparticles exhibited much higher activity than their respective extracts as the zone of growth inhibition values ranged between 23 mm to 26 mm at the maximum concentration. The activity of Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid was improved when conjugated with silver nanoparticles with very high values for the zone of growth inhibition ranging from 30 mm to 34 mm at the maximum concentration of 500 μg/mL. Therefore, the functionalization of silver nanoparticles with antibiotics is medicinally important and can be used to improve the activity of existing antibiotics.
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    Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from Euphorbia kamerunica latex, and the synergistic antimicrobial effects of their functionalization with Co Amoxiclav
    (Covenant Journal of Physical and Life Sciences, 2024) Faboyede Omolayo Adekemi; Bankole-Ojo Olufunsho Samuel; Agbaje-Daniel Folashade; Adagbogun Gloria Omokeyia
    Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health concern, prompting the need for alternatives to synthetic antibiotics. One potential solution is the use of plant-derived antimicrobials. This study investigates the enhancement of these antimicrobials by synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and functionalized AgNPs from the latex of Euphorbia kamerunica, a plant rich in phytochemicals. It evaluates their antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. The main objective was to develop a green synthesis approach that enhances the effectiveness of AgNPs through functionalization with co-amoxiclav, a commonly used antibiotic. The biosynthesis of AgNPs was achieved by mixing Euphorbia kamerunica latex with silver nitrate as the precursor. The formation of AgNPs was monitored visually by the colour change of the reaction mixture and confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy. FTIR analysis was performed to identify the functional groups responsible for reducing and stabilizing the nanoparticles. The AgNPs were then functionalized with co-amoxiclav, and their morphology was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the disk diffusion method against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The results indicated successful biosynthesis of AgNPs, confirmed by a characteristic SPR peak at 428 nm and FTIR spectra showing the presence of phytochemicals. SEM analysis revealed nanoparticle sizes ranging from 50 to 500 nm with some agglomeration. Functionalized AgNPs exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity, particularly against Salmonella subspecie3b and Staphylococcus aureus, compared to non-functionalized AgNPs and latex alone. The study highlights the remarkable potential of Euphorbia kamerunica latex as a sustainable, eco-friendly resource for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Furthermore, the functionalization of these AgNPs with co-amoxiclav significantly enhances their antimicrobial efficacy, demonstrating superior performance against resistant bacterial strains. This innovative approach showcases the synergy between phytochemicals and antibiotics and positions these functionalized nanoparticles as promising candidates for advanced biomedical applications, particularly in combating antibiotic-resistant infections.