Scholarly work in the Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences

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    Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Residual Clay Occurrences in Idi-Ayunre and Akure Areas, Southwestern Nigeria
    (Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2015) Adewole John Adeola
    Three residual clay occurrences in Idi-Ayunre, and Akure areas which belong to the Precambrian basement complex of southwestern Nigeria were investigated for their mineralogical, chemical and industrial properties. The investigation was to evaluate their industrial applications and economic importance. The clay within the weathered profiles above banded gneiss at Idi-Ayunre is whitish with red spots, whereas the clays derived from profiles above porphyritic granite and granite gneiss in Akure are grayish and brown in color respectively. The X-ray diffraction studies show that kaolinite is the dominant clay mineral, goethite, microcline, quartz, albite are the major non clay minerals in the samples. Chemical data showed that the average values of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 were 52.3. 30.29 and 3.54 wt% respectively constituting 86.13% of the bulk compositions. Evaluation of the clay thermal characteristic, firing colour, water absorption capacities and shrinkage values show that the brownish Idi-Ayunre clay, gray and brown Akure kaolinitic clays could serve as raw materials for ceramics, building bricks, and other structural wares.
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    Mineralogical and Geochemical Trends in the Residual Soils above Basement Rocks in Ore Area, Southwestern Nigeria
    (Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2017) Adewole John Adeola; Emmanuel Tamunobelema Tubonemi
    Residual clays and laterite of economic values often occur within weathering profiles above basement rocks in tropical regions due to supergene enrichment and leaching of liable components. Previous studies in Ore area mainly on geochemistry of the basement rocks with scanty information on the weathered profiles. This study was carried out to determine the compositional characteristics of the basement rocks, the geochemical trends within the profiles above the parent rocks and the evaluation of their economic potentials. Petrographic study was carried out on thin sections of the rock samples. Elemental compositions of the rocks, clay, laterite, and top-soil were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Clay mineralogy was determined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Chemical index of Alterations (CIA) was calculated from geochemical data. Weathering of granite and banded gneiss in Ore resulted in the formation of soil layer, which ranged 0-0.5m, laterite 1.2-3m and clayey zone 2.9-3.0m. Quartz, plagioclase feldspars, microcline, biotite and hornblende were the essential minerals in the parent rocks. Granite and banded gneiss is high SiO2 (>65%) but low in MgO (<2.0%) and CaO (<4.0%). Kaolinite (60-80%), goethite (3-12%) and microcline (4-10%) were the dominant minerals in the XRD of the weathering profiles. Traces of illite were present only in granite. The CIA was generally > 85 indicating advanced state of weathering producing lateritic soil. The lateritic profiles over granite and banded gneiss of Ore area varied with the composition of the parent rocks. The clay layer has economic potential for ceramics, fertilizer and structural wares.
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    Geochemistry of Weathered Profiles over Syenite and Younger Granite in Pankshin Area, North Central Nigeria
    (Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2017) Adewole John Adeola; Anthony Temidayo Bolarinwa
    Metallic ores of economic values often occur within profiles above basement rocks in tropical regions due to weathering and secondary enrichment. This study is carried out to determine the geochemistry and appraise the potential for metallic ore enrichment in the weathered profiles over Syenite and Younger Granite in Pankshin area. Top-soil, laterite and rock samples are collected from two lateritic profiles above Syenite and Younger Granite. The syenite rock is composed of alkali feldspars (perthite), nepheline, clinopyroxene, with minor amount of orthopyroxene, hornblende, plagioclase and few quartz grains, indicating oversaturation. The Younger Granite contains plagioclase feldspars, microcline, quartz, biotite, hornblende and reibeckite. Quartz (61.0%), kaolinite (32.0%) and microcline (7.0%) are the dominant minerals in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the decomposed rocks. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) of both rocks is generally >90. There are enhancements of V, Sc, Zr and TiO2 in the Syenite profile and Fe2O3, Zr, V and TiO2 in the Younger Granite profile as reflected in the Accumulation Factor (AF), loss and gain of elements (K), though the values were too low for ore mineralization except for iron and titanium in the Younger Granite profile.
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    Mineralogical and Geochemical Appraisal of Clay Deposits in Papalanto and Its Environs, Southwestern, Nigeria
    (Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2018) Adewole John Adeola; Olaleye Modupe Adefunmi
    Three residual clay occurrences in Papalanto, Ifo, and Imoto areas which belong to the sedimentary basin of southwestern Nigeria were investigated to determine their industrial applications. The samples were pulverized, sieved, digested with mineral acids and characterized. Clay mineralogy was determined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Elemental compositions of the clay samples were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Grain size distribution data were obtained by conducting grain size analysis in two parts; sieve analysis and sedimentation. Thermal properties, plasticity tests, density measurement, linear shrinkage and water absorption capacity were determined to evaluate their industrial potentials. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) was calculated to determine the degree of weathering in the area. The X-ray diffraction results showed that kaolinite is the dominant mineral, while quartz, anatase and hematite are the major non clay minerals. Chemical data showed that the average values of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 were 59.46%, 22.16%, and 3.06% respectively constituting 98.3% of the bulk compositions. Papalanto possessed high plasticity and mouldability. Evaluation of the clay thermal characteristics, firing colour, water absorption capacities and shrinkage values showed that the whitish Ifo clay and Papalanto kaolinitic clays could serve as raw materials for ceramics, building bricks, and other structural wares. Kaolin which is the dominant mineral in all the clays can be used for cosmetics, tooth paste, pharmaceutical purposes
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    Geochemical and Mineralogical Characteristics Of Clay Deposits at Ijesha–Ijebu and Its Environs, Southwestern Nigeria
    (Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2020) Adewole John Adeola; Adeyemi Moyosoluwa Odunayo; Omojola Damilola Ifeoluwa
    Two residual clay deposits and one transported clay deposit in Ijesha-Ijebu area were investigated for their mineralogical, chemical and industrial properties. The investigation was to evaluate their industrial applications and economic importance. The mineralogy of the clay samples was determined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The chemical composition of the clay samples was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Physical tests which include; thermal properties, plasticity tests, density measurement, linear shrinkage and water absorption capacity were determined to determine their industrial potentials. The clay within the weathered profiles above banded gneiss and pegmatite at Ijesha-Ijebu is brownish with red spots, while the clays derived from sedimentary terrain is chocolate in colour. The X-ray diffraction results showed that kaolinite is the dominant mineral, while quartz, albite and muscovite are the major non clay minerals. Chemical data showed that the values of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 are 66.11%, 20.53% and 3.07%, respectively in weathered banded gneiss, in sedimentary the values of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 are 42.12%, 34.43% and 7.37%. In weathered pegmatite, the values of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 are 53.17%, 32.7%, 1.44%, respectively. The average percentage of clay in the banded gneiss, pegmatite and sedimentary samples are 50%, 56% and 47% respectively. The clay mouldability ranged between moderate to high. Evaluation of the clay properties and characteristics shows the industrial application of the clay like production of ceramic, building bricks and other structural wares.
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    Foraminifera biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental studies of well-x, eastern Niger delta
    (International Journal of Advanced Geosciences, 2021) Adewole John Adeola; Dairo Victoria Abiola; Adeola Samuel Ibukunoluwa
    Ditch cutting samples from Well-X drilled in the Eastern part of the Niger delta were subjected to biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental studies using micropaleontological analysis to identify the foraminifera present in the sections penetrated by the well. A total of 50 (fifty) foraminifera species made up of benthonic and planktic spp were recovered from the sections. The marker species identified are Globorotalia acostaensis, Globorotalia mernadii cultrate, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Globorotalia plesiotumida, Globorotalia obesa, Globorotalia nepenthes, Sphaeroidinella subdehiscens, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Globigerinoides sudquadratus. The four (4) biozones identified are N16 (Late Miocene 9.5Ma - 10.9Ma), N15-N14, N13-N12 and N12-N11 (Middle Miocene with corresponding ages 10.9Ma -11.8Ma, 11.8Ma-12.2Ma and 12.2Ma respectively). Using the encountered benthonic foraminiferal species, the paleoecology was determined; and it was revealed that the paleoenvironment of the section ranges from Inner Neritic to Outer Neritic Environment. Also, the lithological analysis revealed an intercalation of Shale, Mudstone and Sand which indicates various paleoecological episodes that led to their deposition. The age of the well was inferred from the bioevents of the marker species to be Middle Miocene to Late Miocene with the sparse occurrence of the Calcareous Benthic and the Plankonic species suggesting a shallow marine environment.