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The Political Economy of the New Slave Trade in Africa
(Global Journal of Human Social Science Sociology, Economics & Political Science, 2012) Aladegbola Isaac Adegbenga; Olaniyan Azeez O.
A macroanalysis of various enquiries into the nature and causes of Africa’s crises may reveal a continent placed on perpetual slavery. From trans-Atlantic slave trade to colonialism; from colonialism to flag independence and Neo Colonialism; from trade imperialism to human trafficking; from the rampaging momentum of globalisation to erosion of Africa's culture and communal morality; from ‘Tokunbo’ syndrome and currencies, Africa seems to be on the verge of internationally inspired perpetual servitude. The costs of these old and modern vices are enormous, and the task of salvaging them is not less so. While the paper exposes the two divides, it goes to argue that the actualisation of the New International Economic Order (NIEO) remains a must for Africa as a continent if she must survive the present socio-economic and political disempowerment, eating deep to her efforts at meeting the aims and objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG).
A Sociological Investigation of the Determinant Factors and the Effects of Child Street Hawking In Nigeria: Agege, Lagos State, Under Survey
(International Journal of Asian Social Science., 2013) Ojo Matthias Olufemi Dada
An increase in the number of the children hawkers in Nigeria has become worrisome. With selected respondents in a densely populated area of Lagos State (n = 100), this paper investigates the problem of street hawking among the Nigerian children. Agege Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria, was purposely sampled and the respondents who participated in the study were conveniently sampled from the study area. Simple percentages and chi-square were the methods of data analysis employed in this study. The study discovered that the level of awareness of the dangers inherent in child hawking among the affected children was low. The investigation of the study revealed that parents’ levels of education, parents’ occupations and the sizes of the family were significantly related to the problem of child hawkers in the study area. The study recommends intensified enlightenment programmes on the problem of child hawkers, positive and genuine commitment by the government, mass, free and compulsory education, and a serious fight against poverty through poverty alleviation and eradication programmes by the government. The implications of doing these were discussed.
Prevalence and Causes of Sexual Defilement of Female Minors in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria
(Global Journal of Applied, Management and Social Sciences (GOJAMSS), 2013-12) Akazue Debrah Gloria; Ojo Matthias Olufemi Dada; Abisoye Amos Olutunde
Sexual defilement of female minor has become a prevalent social problem in Nigeria, and in Lagos metropolis in particular. However, information on awareness, prevalence and causes of it are scanty. This study, therefore, investigated the awareness, prevalence and causes of sexual defilement of female minors in Lagos metropolis. The study adopted descriptive survey design. Data were collected through qualitative and quantitative methods. These involved two in-depth interviews and 100 questionnaire surveys of court officials (77) and social workers (23). Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis, while quantitative data were analysed using frequency distribution. Fifty – Six percent of the sampled court officials were female; 79.0% of them were married and 81.0% of them had between 1 to 3 children. 96.0% of them were strongly aware of sexual defilement of minors as a social problem; while 98.0% of them identified female minors as the most targeted. However, 67.0% of them strongly agree that male minors were not also spared. Sexual desire for the girl (mean = 3. 74); experimenting with sex (mean = 3.97); wanted sex (mean = 3. 86); spiritual cleansing with virgin (mean = 3.44); alcoholic drinks and drugs (mean = 3. 90); opportunity because the minor would not tell (mean = 3. 79); watching sex films and other sexually explicit materials (mean = 3.96); psychiatric problem (mean = 3.40); exposure to sexual abuse in the past (mean 3. 46) and war / conflict / riot (mean = 3.11) were the identified causes of sexual defilement of female minors in Lagos metropolis. Sexual defilement of female minors has become a worrisome problem in the city of Lagos. More awareness campaigns, adequate record keeping of its incidences, more identification of its causes, sensitization and intervention measures were recommended.
Corruption and Leadership Challenges in a Democracy: A Case of Nigeria
(International Journal of Behavioral Social and Movement Sciences, 2014-01) Amos Olutunde Abisoye; Emmanuel Ayobami Adesiyan
Democracy envisions transparency and accountability in governance. The experience under the current democratic dispensation however appears to be contrary to the virtues promised by democracy. Corruption has assumed notorious dimensions and has become a drag on the development t of the country. Corruption is not a recent development in Nigeria. It has being with us over the years, and like a cancer, it has continue to spread to every part of the nation’s structure. Since corruption became a noticeable national malaise. Every government, military or civilian, had staged one kind of battle other against it. Nevertheless, corruption has escalated rather than abate. The paper probes the nexus between corruption, democracy and development in Nigeria. The rampaging scourge of corruption is blamed on poor leadership which is largely a product of distorted democratic process through election rigging. The paper concludes that corruption has being a clog on the path of progress and development. And that the country can only develop if the political leadership would demonstrate genuine concern to obliterate the menace.
Globalization and the Quest for Development in Nigeria
(American Journal of Social Science Research, 2014-07-22) Ogunwa Samuel Adetola; Ologbenla Derin
Globalization and development in Nigeria is now more imperative than ever before, if the quest for development in all ramifications is to be achieved holistically. The development anticipated from globalization has turned to be a zero-sum game since the economy of globalization is intended towards consolidating the North hegemony. Developing countries continued to receive the pitfalls of globalization in spite of the fact that the developed and developing worlds should be co-beneficiaries. Also, globalization is subjective and at the same time Eurocentric as it propagates the philosophy of Western ideology housed in the New World Order. The paper is a warning signal for the Nigerian government to put the country in order, so that the wave of globalization which allows multinational corporations to decide the of fate of others through nationalization and internationalization of national properties of the peripheries to those of metropolitan cities who neither reside in the peripheries, but sent agents across the globe to monitoring their investments in and out. The paper argues that Nigeria has been at the receiving end of globalization and in fact globalization is a socio-parasite on the country’s quest for development. For globalization to be relevant in Nigeria and to benefit the majority of the Nigerian peoples, the leaders at all levels of governance should be autochthonous and sensitive before globalization is accepted in all ramifications. The paper concludes that there are benefits to be derived from the globalizing world, if both the givers of globalization and the receivers of globalization can create an atmosphere where political, economic, social, and cultural consensus can be made, so that what becomes ‘A’, that is the Global North becomes ‘B’, that is the Global South and what becomes the Global South becomes the Global North at long run.
Globalization and the Quest for Development in Nigeria
(American Journal of Social Science Research, 2015-03-07) Ogunwa Samuel Adetola; Ologbenla Derin
Globalization and development in Nigeria is now more imperative than ever before, if the quest for development in all ramifications is to be achieved holistically. The development anticipated from globalization has turned to be a zero-sum game since the economy of globalization is intended towards consolidating the North hegemony. Developing countries continued to receive the pitfalls of globalization in spite of the fact that the developed and developing worlds should be co-beneficiaries. Also, globalization is subjective and at the same time Eurocentric as it propagates the philosophy of Western ideology housed in the New World Order. The paper is a warning signal for the Nigerian government to put the country in order, so that the wave of globalization which allows multinational corporations to decide the of fate of others through nationalization and internationalization of national properties of the peripheries to those of metropolitan cities who neither reside in the peripheries, but sent agents across the globe to monitoring their investments in and out. The paper argues that Nigeria has been at the receiving end of globalization and in fact globalization is a socio-parasite on the country’s quest for development. For globalization to be relevant in Nigeria and to benefit the majority of the Nigerian peoples, the leaders at all levels of governance should be autochthonous and sensitive before globalization is accepted in all ramifications. The paper concludes that there are benefits to be derived from the globalizing world, if both the givers of globalization and the receivers of globalization can create an atmosphere where political, economic, social, and cultural consensus can be made, so that what becomes ‘A’, that is the Global North becomes ‘B’, that is the Global South and what becomes the Global South becomes the Global North at long run.
Managing Globalization for Sustainable Development in Nigeria.
(The Public Administration and Social Policies Review, 2015-04-17) Ogunwa Samuel Adetola
Managing globalization for sustainable development in Nigeria is now more imperative than ever before, if the quest for development in all ramifications is to be achieved holistically. The development anticipated from globalization has turned to be zero-sum game since economy of globalization is intended towards consolidating the North hegemony. Developing countries continued to receive the pitfalls of globalization in spite of the fact that the developed and developing worlds should be co-beneficiaries. Also, globalization is subjective and at the same time Eurocentric as it propagates the philosophy of Western ideology housed in the New World Order. The paper is a warning signal for the Nigerian government to put the country in order, so that the wave of globalisation, which allows multinational corporations to decide the fate of others through nationalisation and internationalisation of national properties of the peripheries to those of metropolitan cities who neither reside in the peripheries, nor sent agents across the globe to monitor investments in and out. The paper argues that Nigeria has been at the receiving end of globalisation, and in fact globalisation is a socioparasite on the country’s quest for greatness. For globalisation to be relevant in Nigeria and to benefit the majority of the Nigerian peoples, the leaders at all levels of governance should be autonomous and sensitive before globalisation is accepted in all ramifications. The paper concludes that there are benefits to be derived from the globalising world, if both the givers of globalisation and the receivers of globalisation can create an atmosphere where political, economic, social, and cultural consensus can be made so that what becomes ‘A’, that is, the Global North, becomes ‘B’, that is the Global South, and what becomes the Global South becomes the Global North in the long run.
Globalization and the Quest for Development in Nigeria
(American Journal of Social Science Research, 2015-07-03) Ogunwa Samuel Adetola; Ologbenla Derin
Globalisation and development in Nigeria are now more imperative than ever before if the quest for development in all its ramifications is to be achieved holistically. The development anticipated from globalisation has turned out to be a zero-sum game since the economy of globalisation is intended towards consolidating the North hegemony. Developing countries continued to receive the pitfalls of globalisation in spite of the fact that the developed and developing worlds should be co-beneficiaries. Also, globalisation is subjective and, at the same time, Eurocentric, as it propagates the philosophy of Western ideology housed in the New World Order. The paper is a warning signal for the Nigerian government to put the country in order so that the wave of globalisation, which allows multinational corporations to decide the fate of others through nationalisation and internationalisation of national properties of the peripheries to those of metropolitan cities who neither reside in the peripheries, but sent agents across the globe to monitor their investments in and out. The paper argues that Nigeria has been at the receiving end of globalisation, and in fact globalisation is a socio-parasite on the country’s quest for development. For globalisation to be relevant in Nigeria and to benefit the majority of the Nigerian peoples, the leaders at all levels of governance should be autonomous and sensitive before globalisation is accepted in all ramifications. The paper concludes that there are benefits to be derived from the globalising world if both the givers of globalisation and the receivers of globalisation can create an atmosphere where political, economic, social, and cultural consensus can be made so that what becomes ‘A’, that is, the Global North, becomes ‘B’, that is the Global South, and what becomes the Global South becomes the Global North in the long run.
Politics of Policies: The Quest for Qualitative Education in Nigeria
(Adonis & Abbey Publishers, 2016) Aladegbola Isaac Adegbenga;
The quality of education means much to the development of any nation. The government of Nigeria since independence realizes the unique position of education as a catalyst to the development of individual and the society at large. Much as they do; and much as they pronounce it; education polices and its implementation procedures at all levels of governmental powers in Nigeria have revealed intricacies in politics which brought Nigeria into a situation of ‘one leg forward and two legs backward’ as far as achieving qualitative education is concerned. The persistent fall in the standard of education is no longer debatable. The issue is in analyzing the politics and ‘policies’ that have contributed to this fall and search for a ‘ground’ where qualitative education would be achievable. This paper examines the undeniable relationship between politics and education using a system approach analysis and exposes their interrelationship in evolving qualitative education in Nigeria.
Critique of Public Administrative Reform System
(Africa’s Public Service Delivery & Performance Review, 2016-03-01) Aladegbola Isaac Adegbenga
The public service of any nation is its veritable instrument for national development. If it fails, the gamut of policies meant for the nation’s development would have failed. In this sense, the observable developmental deficits in Africa cannot, therefore, be separated from the failures of the continents public service and the largest chunk of these failures are located on the ethical behaviour of the public servants who are taking the service mostly as a colonial service. Writing from Nigeria's hindsight, the author observed that most nation’s public service in Africa, like its larger society, has not been able to separate themselves from their history, the history of “colonial mentality.” In a way, an enduring problem noticeable within the public service in most sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) states has been what appropriate strategy will remove, the clove of “colonial mentality” associated with the public servant behaviour even years after decolonization of most SSA states and in spite of various post independent reforms put up to rectify these deficiencies. Has the knowledge of Africa Solution to Africa Problem (ASAP) instil the right type of ethical behaviours that will accept the public service as African service and not foreign service of the old exploitative order, divide and rule system and the ‘not my business’ syndrome that pervaded the era of colonial rules? It is critical that the failure of public service is a failure of service delivery in Africa. This paper, using Nigeria as a case study, does not only chronicle these failures/challenges as it affects Africa development strides, it also offers a process of public service ethics education as a strategy, in order to have long-term and sustainable solutions that will promote public service delivery in Africa.
Opinion Survey On Parental And Peer Group Factors Of Juvenile Delinquency In Ketu- Adie Owe Community In Ogun State
(International Journal of Social & Management Sciences, Madonna University (IJSMS), 2017-03) Abisoye Amos Olutunde; Olaniyi Mary Ikeola; Ojo Matthias Olufemi Dada; Akinlotan Raymond Adeniyi; Edegbai Martha Abua
Parental and peer group factors are very cogent in consideration of causes of juvenile delinquency in every society. This paper, therefore, surveyed the opinions of Ketu – Adie Owe Community in Ado/Odo/Ota local government of Ogun State on the parental and peer group factors that cause the engagement of juveniles in anti – social behaviour. Descriptive survey design was adopted in the study. Data were collected through quantitative method. This involved seventy – three copies of questionnaire administered among community residents that were conveniently sampled for the study. The quantitative data were analysed using tables of frequency and percentage distribution. Fifty – nine percent of the respondents were female; 49.3% of them were married and 39.7% of them had 2 or 3 persons in their families. The analyses in the study show that all the respondents (100%) opined that divorce parents encourage juvenile delinquency; lack of parental supervision was affirmed by 89.9% of the 154 respondents as a cause; lack or poor parental skills was signified by 62.5% of the respondents; 74.3% was of the opinion that pampering leads to deviant behaviours among juveniles; a total of 89.1% of the respondents agreed that rejection of children (lack of love, care and affection) will cause juvenile delinquency in children. Data analyses on peer group influences show that 83.1% of the respondents affirmed that if juveniles associate with cult members they will become delinquent; 79.0% of the respondents identified association with group involved in examination malpractice as a factor that will cause delinquency; 84.4% of them chose association with drug users as a cause; 55.0% of the respondents opined that associating with bullies will make juveniles to be delinquent; 85.4% of them identified association with group that engages in theft as a cause and finally, 68.3% affirmed that when juveniles associate with group that plays truancy, they will become delinquent. The study recommends that parents need to teach their children the norms of the society. It further calls for control and prevention of drug abuse. Alleviation of poverty; avoidance of bad peer groups; good parental skills; avoidance of divorce; acceptance of children in love; good parental supervision and avoidance of pampering were also recommended in the study.
Alájọbí: Revisiting the Spirit of Kinship on Mission of Reward and Punishment among Yoruba People of Nigeria
(Global Journal of Applied, Management and Social Sciences (GOJAMSS), 2017-09) Akazue Debrah Gloria; Ojo Matthias Olufemi Dada; Abisoye, Amos Olutunde; Aina, Oluwasola
Alájọbí is a strong belief system among Yoruba people. It is the spirit of kinship which plays prominent roles among these people.Several studies have examined kinship systems in African societies but did not pay special attention to the roles of kinship in reward and punishment.This study, therefore, investigated the opinions of Yoruba people on efficiency of Alájọbí (spirit of kinship) to reward or punish members of kinship group. The study adopted survey design. Data were collected through qualitative method. This involved thirty – four indepth interviews conducted in Ado – Odo, Ketu – Adie Owe and Edu communities of Ogun State in Nigeria. The socio – bio data of the respondents were presented and analysed, using percentage. The responses of the participants on Alájọbí were also presented in charts with percentage distributions of their responses. Fifty – two percent of the respondents were female; 76.5% of them were Christians; 85.3% of them were married; 52.9% of them were holders of Bachelor degrees; and 85.3% of them were indigenes of Ogun State. 79.4% of the respondents affirmed that Yoruba people still strongly believe in Alájọbí; 52.9% of them agreed that Alájọbí is strongly efficient in rewarding good deeds and 38.2% concurred that it is strongly efficient in punishing evil deeds. Blood ties or bonds among the kinship members, constant references making to Alájọbí and its efficacy to punish offenders were the reasons given for its strong belief system among Yoruba people. Majority of respondents agreed that Alájọbí rewards people who do good to their kinsmen/kinswomen and that those rewards would even be extended to their children. The respondents also agreed that Alájọbí is very efficient in punishing people who do evils to other members of kinship group. Sudden death, madness, poverty and strange diseases were cited as examples of such punishment. People should not play down the role of Alájọbí to reward and to punish. It operates as a pay back, a just administration of rewards and punishment. It is not a barbaric belief system. Yoruba parents should be teaching their children the Yoruba cultural values and belief systems for preservation and transmission of Yoruba culture from generation to generation. Finally, further studies on Alájọbí and other Yoruba belief systems and the documentation of such studies for academic and cultural preservation should be of paramount interest to us.
Contributory Pension Reforms and Employee Risk Perception in the Banking Industry of Lagos State Nigeria.
(World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 2018) Abisoye Olutunde Amos; Oguntuase Ruth Olayemi; Kesinro Olalekan Rasheed
The paper examines contributory pension reforms and risk perception in the banking industry of Nigeria of Lagos State, Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was adopted while the simple random sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 361 respondents. Questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection, measured on a 6-point Likert Scale. 361 copies of questionnaire were administered with a response rate of 60.94%. Data collected were analyzed using the descriptive statistical techniques of Percentiles and Pearson Correlation with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software for editing and encoding. The result shows that contributory pension reforms significantly affect risk perception among employees of commercial banks in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria (R = 0.982, p < 0.05). The study recommends that the management of commercial banks and other financial institutions should ensure continuous and adequate training of personnel to aid innovative, creative and efficient pension management strategies to improve employee welfare.
The political economy of ‘Okada’ transport business as an employment strategy in Nigeria
(Journal of African Political Economy and Development, 2018-12-14) Aladegbola Isaac Adegbenga
Much academic energy has been so dissipated by transport geographers on the traffic relevance of motorcycles (Okada), especially as a commercial means of providing mobility. Observably, the mutually related essence of transport and employment that led to the popularity of motorcycles in most cities in Nigeria is fast extending to multidimensional problems of economy, politics, and social malaise. The objective of this study therefore is to find out these other underlying political, economic, and social factors overshadowing the mobility relevance of motorcycles as a transport business and why it is fast becoming an employment strategy for millions of unemployed youths in Nigeria. The questions are: has it alleviated poverty in the country or has it provided for means of development of human capital for the needed industrialisation in Nigeria? The study area is Ekiti State, Nigeria, where surveys of sampling methods with random techniques are used to pick 500 Okada riders as respondents. The critical investigation in this study is to find out why the respondents are engaged in the ‘Okada’ transport business and why they abandoned their various trades as artisans and their education. It is to examine Okada’s business’ prospect of buoyant economy and the observable Okada riders’ daily income and association with political elite. The study is to also find out why ‘Okada Unions’ are becoming second arms of political parties, forming strong pressure influences' and'stated groups’, which are always motivated by politicians to attain political gains. The study will be raising policy options for the government that will not only secure a socio-political and economic future for the country as a developing nation but will also be predicting the outcome of the monolateral Okada economy across Nigerian cities.
The Role of Political Parties in Federal Societies: Assessment of Nigeria
(Crawford Journal of Politics, 2019) Ogunwa Samuel Adetola
The role of political parties in a federal system of government was focused upon in this contribution. The paper argues that political party and democracy are twin concepts that draw on one another. Political parties rely on the institution of democracy in the selection of its flag bearers to make political representation democratic, transparent and accountable. Furthermore, the political parties in a federal setup may be abnormal when they are not democratic in purpose. The abnormalities in political parties particularly in Nigeria is the basis of pathologies, ideological emptiness, and lack of internal party democracy within and among them are the consequences of poor governance in the polity.
When Communalism Partners Modern State
(European Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 2020) Omilusi Mike; Aladegbola Isaac Adegbenga
Experience and practice have shown clearly that community policing can effectively contribute to reducing crime and promoting security. Community-oriented policing is based on the premise that citizens should be empowered to enhance their quality of life and prevent or eliminate crime and the problems that lead to crime. Drawing from this premise, this article investigates and analyzes the success story and challenges of Community Policing in Nigeria. It examines the interface of communalism as an ideology (rooted in traditional African society) and modern strategies of policing neighbourhoods and how this has impacted on community safety.
From 200 Dollars to 50 Dollars: The Political Economy of Nigerian Workers’ Retrogressive Living Wage in Four Decades
(International Journal of Research in Business and Management, 2020-04-24) Aladegbola Adegbenga Isaac; Mike Omilusi
Nigeria’s minimum wage, which had its advent in 1981, seeks to set a wage floor at an amount considered sufficient to satisfy the basic necessities - food, clothing, housing, education, and recreation - of the worker. Since then, every minimum wage change in Nigeria has been preceded by agitations and sometimes strikes by the labour establishment. This paper examines the struggle of the labour movement as a crucial element within the democratisation process in Nigeria and seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the root causes, effects, and consequences of the progressive living wage in the country. It contends that more than half of the Nigerian population still grapples with extreme poverty while a small group of elites enjoys ever-growing wealth, leaving a glaring sense of inequality in the polity. Relying on available public data, the paper interrogates the deteriorating living conditions of Nigerian workers amidst the opulent lifestyle of the nation’s political class and recommends policy options to the current narrative.
Patriarchy and Colonization: The "Brooder House" for Gender Inequality in Nigeria
(Journal of Research on Women and Gender, 2020-05-04) Aladegbola Isaac Adegbenga; Jaiyeola Emmanuel Olorunfemi
The battle for women’s suffrage at English Parliament in 1866 marked the earliest recorded legal battle for equality between men and women. Since then, the issue of gender equality has grown to become a global concern. While it is generally agreed that human rights apply to all human beings (men and women included), women’s fundamental rights and freedom have been limited by patriarchal practices and traditions. The situation is worse in many African societies where colonial legacies and patriarchal culture assign superior roles to men and subordinate roles to women. In Nigeria, these practices have reduced the status of women to being inferior to their male counterparts. This in turn makes it difficult for women to fully participate in as many social, political, and economic activities as men do. Patriarchal culture has brought tremendous setbacks for women in Nigeria, which is the focus of this paper. In addition, stereotyping and stratification of jobs, skills, political offices, and businesses have become so deeply rooted in patriarchy because of the cultures and ideologies of the society. This began with the traditional gender roles in the pre-colonial era and was reinforced during the colonial era when women were forced out of commercial farming and trading to do food-crop farming and petty trading, which both bring in less money. Presently, this practice keeps women under glass ceilings and in low-paying jobs, which contributes largely to most Nigerian women being in poverty, experiencing poor health, and suffering from various abuse due to the inequality of social status between genders. Therefore, this paper critically discusses the historical perspective and analyses how colonial legacies and patriarchy are nurturing gender inequality in Nigeria, using hegemonic and Nigerian masculinity as the theoretical framework of analysis.
Political Development and Revolution in Modern States: Interrogating the Necessity of Revolution in Nigeria
(Crawford Journal of Politics, 2021-03-07) Ogunwa Samuel Adetola; Ogunwa Florence Adeseeke
This work identifies and discusses the phenomenon of revolutions. While there is no consensus as to what constitutes a revolution, revolution makes total alteration in the life of a political system. Several reasons have been deduced for revolutionary movements in countries. The reasons are so germane that when the government fails to carry out the constitutional responsibilities of the state. This is essentially and particularly important in democratic societies when the ruling governments did not keep to the promises made to the electorates during electioneering campaigns. The failure of government sometimes influenced the military to stage a coup, and toppled the government, even the democratic government elected by the people. The dictatorial governments have been removed either by the military coup d'état or revolution. Consequently, the contagious effect of the ancient or pre-twentieth revolution affected the twentieth-century revolutions, and these revolutions equally spread to the current century, even the “Arab Spring” between 2010 and 2012: Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, to mention a few. The change of governments has restored the hopes and aspirations of the people and the future of the countries and the people at large. The work convincingly argues that there is no single environmental factor that makes the revolutionary movement prevail. Series of events are what make revolution possible. Nigeria as a country has not experienced the phenomenon of revolution but has had the government changed by the military on several occasions. The military In politics, Nigeria has made incremental adjustments; these patchwork's or reforms are not politically and holistically articulated, and perhaps the amendments have some political undertones. Today, both objective conditions are readily available to trigger a revolution, even another military rule, but it only needs subjective conditions to trigger it. This paper argues that revolution is inevitable—not even the change of government by the democracy or military will do—but a radical and fundamental adjustment to the political architecture of the country. Nigerians have been shortchanged for good governance. The paper concludes that to avert upcoming political upheavals and consequences of revolution, which may alter the Nigerian state convincingly, the political leaders need to redesign governance in the country to meet the aspirations of the people in all ramifications.
The Dynamics of Africa's Cultural Affinity and the Global Electoral Outcomes: Evidence from Ekiti State of Nigeria
(Crawford Journal of Politics, 2021-09-21) Aladegbola Isaac Adegbenga
Are politicians only rewarded by voters for distributive allocations? Are patterns of voting always a function and reflection of how goods are distributed? The patterns that have emerged in the electoral politics of Ekiti State of Nigeria since it was created in 1996, the event of June 21st 2014 gubernatorial election and the outcome of 2015 general elections in the state have challenged the “common position within the political accountability framework that examined whether political incumbents are always rewarded by voters in return for distributive allocations”. Employing the empirical research method, this study interrogates the unexpected electoral outcome of the 2014 and 2015 elections in Ekiti State and considers the trends of Ekiti elections from 1999 to 2018, covering the Fourth Republic. Tracing the relationship between identity and distributive politics, the study finds that cultural affinity and state homogeneity are additional relevant factors that shape electoral outcomes in Africa beyond the explored distributive goods and distributive politics that generally shape global electoral outcomes.

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