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A Comparative Study of Determinants of Capital Structure of Multinational and Domestic Firms in Nigeria
(Department of Economics, College of Business and Social Sciences, Crawford University, Igbesa, Ogun State, 2023-09) Oyeneye, Kehinde Olufemi
This study investigated the determinants of capital structure of multinational corporations (MNCs) and domestic corporations (DCs) in Nigeria. The main objective is to investigate how capital structure determinant affect multinational firms and domestic firms in Nigeria. To achieve this, fifty-three non-financial firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) over the period of 2005 to 2019 were examined. Five firm-specific factors (leverage, profitability, tangibility, age and size), four macroeconomic factors that vary over time (GDP growth rate, Interest rate, Inflation rate and exchange rate) and four foreign macroeconomic factors that vary over time but country-specific (GDP growth rate, Interest rate, Inflation rate and exchange rate) were sourced from several editions of NSE fact book, several annual reports of included firms, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletins and World Development Indicators. Four issues were specifically examined. The first was to determine if multinational firm\s leverage ratio differs significantly from that of domestic firms. The second issue was to investigate the effect of firm-specific factors on MNCs and DCs. The third was to determine the influence of macroeconomic factors on MNCs and DCs. Finally, the study examined the effect of home country macroeconomic factors on multinational firms only. Panel data analysis was conducted for all models using the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) technique based on period-weight and cross-section weight. The analysis was anchored on two major theories of capital structure; the dynamic trade-off theory and pecking-order theory. The result showed that leverage ratio of multinational firms differs and significantly lower than that of domestic firms. Some factors like profitability, tangibility, interest rate and size were found to be largely responsible for the difference. Based on profitability, the result further showed that domestic firms follow the theoretical prediction of trade-off theory while multinational firms follow the theoretical prediction of pecking-order theory. Interest rate and exchange rate were revealed to have similar impact on leverage ratio for both MNCs and DCs in Nigeria and are significant at per cent. In addition, the inclusion of parent-country macroeconomic factors improves the explanatory power of the model in terms higher adjusted R2. Finally, the study showed that both category of firms pursued target leverage and that both MNCs and DCs respond to deviation from target leverage at the same rate (0.29), resulting in a speed of adjustment of 3.4. Some of the major recommendations from the study is that policy makers and managers of firms should first consider the macroeconomic conditions at home and abroad before taking decision on how much debt to retain in their capital so that over exposure will not affect the firm value and eventual liquidation. In summary, the study showed that MNCs and DCs do not have the same capital structure and are influenced by firm-specific variables and macroeconomic variables differently. The government is encouraged to be aware of the effect of macroeconomic factors on leverage decision of firms and therefore should put in place policies that will make the macroeconomic conditions more favourable to MNCs and DCs financial stability.
A Sociological Investigation of the Determinant Factors and the Effects of Child Street Hawking In Nigeria: Agege, Lagos State, Under Survey
(International Journal of Asian Social Science., 2013) Ojo Matthias Olufemi Dada
An increase in the number of the children hawkers in Nigeria has become worrisome. With selected respondents in a densely populated area of Lagos State (n = 100), this paper investigates the problem of street hawking among the Nigerian children. Agege Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria, was purposely sampled and the respondents who participated in the study were conveniently sampled from the study area. Simple percentages and chi-square were the methods of data analysis employed in this study. The study discovered that the level of awareness of the dangers inherent in child hawking among the affected children was low. The investigation of the study revealed that parents’ levels of education, parents’ occupations and the sizes of the family were significantly related to the problem of child hawkers in the study area. The study recommends intensified enlightenment programmes on the problem of child hawkers, positive and genuine commitment by the government, mass, free and compulsory education, and a serious fight against poverty through poverty alleviation and eradication programmes by the government. The implications of doing these were discussed.
Alájọbí: Revisiting the Spirit of Kinship on Mission of Reward and Punishment among Yoruba People of Nigeria
(Global Journal of Applied, Management and Social Sciences (GOJAMSS), 2017-09) Akazue Debrah Gloria; Ojo Matthias Olufemi Dada; Abisoye, Amos Olutunde; Aina, Oluwasola
Alájọbí is a strong belief system among Yoruba people. It is the spirit of kinship which plays prominent roles among these people.Several studies have examined kinship systems in African societies but did not pay special attention to the roles of kinship in reward and punishment.This study, therefore, investigated the opinions of Yoruba people on efficiency of Alájọbí (spirit of kinship) to reward or punish members of kinship group. The study adopted survey design. Data were collected through qualitative method. This involved thirty – four indepth interviews conducted in Ado – Odo, Ketu – Adie Owe and Edu communities of Ogun State in Nigeria. The socio – bio data of the respondents were presented and analysed, using percentage. The responses of the participants on Alájọbí were also presented in charts with percentage distributions of their responses. Fifty – two percent of the respondents were female; 76.5% of them were Christians; 85.3% of them were married; 52.9% of them were holders of Bachelor degrees; and 85.3% of them were indigenes of Ogun State. 79.4% of the respondents affirmed that Yoruba people still strongly believe in Alájọbí; 52.9% of them agreed that Alájọbí is strongly efficient in rewarding good deeds and 38.2% concurred that it is strongly efficient in punishing evil deeds. Blood ties or bonds among the kinship members, constant references making to Alájọbí and its efficacy to punish offenders were the reasons given for its strong belief system among Yoruba people. Majority of respondents agreed that Alájọbí rewards people who do good to their kinsmen/kinswomen and that those rewards would even be extended to their children. The respondents also agreed that Alájọbí is very efficient in punishing people who do evils to other members of kinship group. Sudden death, madness, poverty and strange diseases were cited as examples of such punishment. People should not play down the role of Alájọbí to reward and to punish. It operates as a pay back, a just administration of rewards and punishment. It is not a barbaric belief system. Yoruba parents should be teaching their children the Yoruba cultural values and belief systems for preservation and transmission of Yoruba culture from generation to generation. Finally, further studies on Alájọbí and other Yoruba belief systems and the documentation of such studies for academic and cultural preservation should be of paramount interest to us.
Confession of Married Women Who Abused Their Husbands in Igbesa Community of Ogun State, Nigeria
(International Journal Of Social Science Research And Anthropology, 2025-02) Ojo Matthias Olufemi Dada; Peter Deborah Ibechone; Funmilola Aduke Akinola
Spouse abuse is generally considered to be the crime of the masculinity in our society with little or no emphasis on men as victims of it. This study, therefore, investigated the abuses committed by married women against their husbands. The study was guided by the combination of conflict and aggression theories and it adopted descriptive survey design. It engaged a non-probability sampling technique in the selection of study area which was done through convenience sampling method and also for the respondents that were selected for the study. Data were collected through quantitative method. This involved admiration of forty copies of the questionnaire prepared for the study. The largest number of respondents were between 40-44 years and 45-49 respectively years with 20.0% of respondents for each. A total of 72.5% were Christians and 67.5% of respondents were Bachelor degree holders. Twenty-five percent of respondents contracted their marriage in church and 30.0% of them had spent between 1-5 years in marriage. The findings revealed that 26.2% of respondents had denied their husbands sexual intercourse in the past, 21.3% of them had assaulted their husbands verbally in the past, 13.1% had stolen their husbands’ money and 11.5% of respondents had threatened their husbands in the past among others. A total of 20.0% of respondents abused their husbands for not consulting them in decision making for the family, 10.0% of them because their husbands were aggressive, 8.6% did this because their husbands were too generous and 7.1% of them abused their husbands because of infidelity and lack of self-control respectively. A total of 35.9% of respondents entered into personal reconciliation with their husbands after the abuse, 22.6% of them said nothing happened after the abuse, 17.0% of them sought for the intervention of parents/relatives and 11.3% of them abstained from intimate relationship with their spouses. The study conclude that men are also being abused by their spouses. More researched on men as victims of spouse abuse, public awareness on spouse abuse by wives, teaching, training, educational programs, supportive services and government interventional policies to curb the problem were recommended.
Contributory Pension Reforms and Employee Risk Perception in the Banking Industry of Lagos State Nigeria.
(World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 2018) Abisoye Olutunde Amos; Oguntuase Ruth Olayemi; Kesinro Olalekan Rasheed
The paper examines contributory pension reforms and risk perception in the banking industry of Nigeria of Lagos State, Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was adopted while the simple random sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 361 respondents. Questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection, measured on a 6-point Likert Scale. 361 copies of questionnaire were administered with a response rate of 60.94%. Data collected were analyzed using the descriptive statistical techniques of Percentiles and Pearson Correlation with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software for editing and encoding. The result shows that contributory pension reforms significantly affect risk perception among employees of commercial banks in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria (R = 0.982, p < 0.05). The study recommends that the management of commercial banks and other financial institutions should ensure continuous and adequate training of personnel to aid innovative, creative and efficient pension management strategies to improve employee welfare.
Corruption and Leadership Challenges in a Democracy: A Case of Nigeria
(International Journal of Behavioral Social and Movement Sciences, 2014-01) Amos Olutunde Abisoye; Emmanuel Ayobami Adesiyan
Democracy envisions transparency and accountability in governance. The experience under the current democratic dispensation however appears to be contrary to the virtues promised by democracy. Corruption has assumed notorious dimensions and has become a drag on the development t of the country. Corruption is not a recent development in Nigeria. It has being with us over the years, and like a cancer, it has continue to spread to every part of the nation’s structure. Since corruption became a noticeable national malaise. Every government, military or civilian, had staged one kind of battle other against it. Nevertheless, corruption has escalated rather than abate. The paper probes the nexus between corruption, democracy and development in Nigeria. The rampaging scourge of corruption is blamed on poor leadership which is largely a product of distorted democratic process through election rigging. The paper concludes that corruption has being a clog on the path of progress and development. And that the country can only develop if the political leadership would demonstrate genuine concern to obliterate the menace.
Critique of Public Administrative Reform System
(Africa’s Public Service Delivery & Performance Review, 2016-03-01) Aladegbola Isaac Adegbenga
The public service of any nation is its veritable instrument for national development. If it fails, the gamut of policies meant for the nation’s development would have failed. In this sense, the observable developmental deficits in Africa cannot, therefore, be separated from the failures of the continents public service and the largest chunk of these failures are located on the ethical behaviour of the public servants who are taking the service mostly as a colonial service. Writing from Nigeria's hindsight, the author observed that most nation’s public service in Africa, like its larger society, has not been able to separate themselves from their history, the history of “colonial mentality.” In a way, an enduring problem noticeable within the public service in most sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) states has been what appropriate strategy will remove, the clove of “colonial mentality” associated with the public servant behaviour even years after decolonization of most SSA states and in spite of various post independent reforms put up to rectify these deficiencies. Has the knowledge of Africa Solution to Africa Problem (ASAP) instil the right type of ethical behaviours that will accept the public service as African service and not foreign service of the old exploitative order, divide and rule system and the ‘not my business’ syndrome that pervaded the era of colonial rules? It is critical that the failure of public service is a failure of service delivery in Africa. This paper, using Nigeria as a case study, does not only chronicle these failures/challenges as it affects Africa development strides, it also offers a process of public service ethics education as a strategy, in order to have long-term and sustainable solutions that will promote public service delivery in Africa.
Democracy, federalism and governance in Nigeria
(Journal of Governance and Development, 2024-04-25) Ogunwa Samuel Adetola; Abasilim Ugochukwu David
Nigeria became one of the federal societies under the supervision of the British colonial government in 1954. Federalism and democracy ceased when the military government usurped and suspended the Republican Constitution in 1966. The periods of military rule witnessed over-centralisation of power at the centre, while the federating states became Lilliputians. The usurpation of jurisdictional competencies and centralisation of power made the federating states and local governments default on their socio-economic responsibilities. The paper aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between federalism and democracy in Nigeria, shedding light on the repercussions of their erosion during military rule. Through a comprehensive review of historical events and constitutional changes, this study examined the consequences of over-centralisation and jurisdictional encroachments during military governance. The paper revealed that the institutionalisation of federalism, once embraced without due consideration, led to detrimental adjustments and crises during military rule, significantly impeding socio-economic and political development. The paper concluded that democracy and federalism are twins ‘brothers’ and will remain relevant and last long when Nigerian leaders, particularly elected representatives, undertake constitutional reforms that prioritised power devolution to states and local governments. This adjustment, rooted in justice and fairness, will rejuvenate the symbiotic relationship between democracy and federalism, ensuring lasting relevance
Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Inflation Rates in West Africa
(2023) Ojo, Felix Ayoola
In West African countries, the economic instability caused by inflationary pressure has prompted some concerns about the primary reasons driving inflation rates. This study examined the relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and inflation rates in 15 West African countries in the short run and long run covering a 31-year period from 1990 to 2020, with emphasis on differential effects in Anglophone and Francophone West African countries. The scope of the study is divided in geographical, contents and units of analysis. The Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) framework formed the basis for this study. The study adopted the monetarist and classical model of determinants of inflation which was remodified by incorporating inflation rate (INF), exchange rate (EXR), exchange rate volatility (EXRv), monetary policy variables, and fiscal policy variables. Panel data for all the variables were obtained from World Bank Development Indicators for the period under review. Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) estimation techniques were used for result reliability. Volatility was generated through ARCH model while CUSUM test was carried out to check for the stability of the series. The ARDL model results showed that the previous inflation rate contributed about 7% to the recent price instability in the region. It was further revealed that exchange rate fluctuations positively influenced inflation rates by about 4% in Anglophone countries in the short run with greater influence in the Francophone countries. Meanwhile, the results from non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model revealed that exchange rate depreciation contributed not less than 2% to inflation rate in the long run and was statistically significant. The findings from Anglophone countries demonstrated that the policy of the monetary authorities to increase the quantity of money in circulation, if well managed, will not result in high rate of inflation in West African countries. Findings from Francophone countries showed that money supply, economic growth rate, and public debt did not contribute to the inflationary trends in the region. However, producer price index, the degree of trade openness, exchange rate and value added triggered inflation rates in the Francophone countries within the period under review. According to the findings, exchange rate fluctuations contributed to inflationary pressures in the West African region. The study recommended that floating exchange rate regime should be maintained and supported with high productivity of farm produce for exports without damaging the consumption level of the domestic economy; and that monetary authorities in this region should employ contractionary monetary policy so as to reduce the stock of money in circulation. Monetary authorities in the region should also maintain single-digit inflation rate for price stability to be maintained. Single currency should also be adopted among the member states so as to stabilize cross-border transactions, and finally, concessions in form of subsidies should be given to domestic industries so as to enhance productivity which will reduce the prices of goods and services and thereby reduce inflation to the barest minimum.
Fiscal and Monetary Policies in Sub Saharan Africa: Implications for Sustainable Development
(College of Business and Social Sciences, 2023-11) Timothy Oluwalogbon Ogunseye
Since the United Nations adopted the seventeen (17) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have started to rejig their fiscal and monetary policies to achieve the coveted goals in their different countries. Consequently, this study investigated the impact of fiscal and monetary policies on Sustainable Development (SD) of SSA economies. Twenty-one (21) SSA countries were considered in this study based on data availability. SD was proxied by three indicators, including the Human Development Index (HDI), Adjusted Net Savings (ANS) and Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI). The Macroeconomic Environment (MENV), measured by industrial sector growth was included to complete four (4) dependent variables. The explanatory variables include Monetary Policy Rate, (MPR) Exchange Rate (ER) and Money Supply (MS), Government Expenditure (GE) and Public Debt (PD). Institutional factor such as control of corruption (CO) was employed as an interactive variable with fiscal policy variables. The data, which covers the period of twenty-five (25) years (1996-2020) were culled from World Development Indicator (WDI), World Governance Indicator (WGI) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The data were analysed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, Error Correction Model (ECM) and other pre and post-estimation techniques of analyses. Following the ARDL results, the study found that MPR, GE, PD, CO and government expenditure interaction with control of corruption(GE*CO) contributed significantly to HDI in the short run. Also, the bound test results confirmed the existence of long-run relationship between HDI and the explanatory variables model. Hence, ECM established that the short run disequilibrium will be corrected in the long run at 1% on HDI. Adjusted Net Savings, MPR, GE and CO were found to have significant influence. However, no long-run interactions exist among the variables in the ANS model. In the ESI model, the results show that MPR and corruption control interaction with public debt (PD*CO) have significant impact on environmental sustainability in the short run. Similarly, long-run relationship exists between the variables. The short-run disequilibrium will be corrected in the long run at 6% as indicated by ECM results. Finally, PD, CO, and corruption control interaction with government expenditure (GE*CO) are significantly related with the macroeconomic environment in the short run. Following the long-run results, the disequilibrium in the short run will be corrected in the long run at 21%. Hence, the study concluded that GE, PD, CO and MPR are pivotal to the three dimensions of sustainable development. It was therefore recommended among others that SSA countries should minimize the volume of public debts contracted locally and abroad as this could lead to high debt servicing relative to revenue. Furthermore, SSA countries should modernize anti-corruption initiatives, grant full autonomy to anti-corruption agencies and introduce strict deterrent measures against corruption. In addition, member countries should fully embrace the United Nations Convention Against Corruption Coalition (UNCAC) to strengthen whistleblowing policies and protect whistleblowers as this would help to minimize the extent of rot and corrupt practices in their respective economies
FORENSIC ACCOUNTING TECHNIQUES AND FINANCIAL MISCONDUCT AMONG FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA
(2023-07) Oguntuase Alexander Tunde
In Nigeria, fraud is a widespread phenomenon in different sectors of the economy, including the federal universities. Although forensic accounting techniques have proven to be an effective means of combating financial misconduct in developed economies around the world, their effectiveness in handling financial misconduct in Nigerian tertiary institutions remains unknown. Hence, this study assessed the influence of forensic accounting techniques on fund misappropriation, investigated the relationship that exists between forensic accounting techniques and value for money practices, and determined the effect of forensic accounting techniques on creative accounting practices. It also evaluated the relationship that exists between forensic accounting techniques and procurement practices with a view to mitigating financial misconduct among Federal Universities in Southwest Nigeria. The study employed survey research design. Three hundred and sixty-four (364) respondents participated in the survey and data collected were analyzed using percentages, simple and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that three techniques of forensic accounting namely, SCCP (β = -0.075, t = -3.097; IF (β = -0.575, t = -18.427; LS (β = -0.072, t = -3.011) were statistically significant and inversely affected fund misappropriation, whereas ADE (β = 1.141, t = 36.776) showed a positive significant effect on fund misappropriation. This implies that forensic accounting techniques have largely influenced fund misappropriation among federal universities in the Southwest. The result also showed that forensic accounting techniques exhibited a positive significant linear relationship with value for money practices F (4,359) = 135.998, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the study revealed that forensic accounting techniques significantly impacted on creative accounting practices, SCCP (t=-3.007, p< 0.05), IF (t=-72.93, p < 0.05). LS (t=-3.011, p < 0.05), ADE (t=147.38, p < 0.05). It was also found that forensic accounting techniques showed a positive linear relationship with procurement practices F (4,359) = 49.145, p < 0.05). The implication is that when forensic accounting techniques are strengthened, they will prevent over billing and other sharp practices in procurement processes. The study concluded that forensic accounting techniques are veritable tools to combat financial misconduct. It is therefore recommended that forensic accounting techniques should be adopted to enhance their financial transparency and accountability among federal universities in Southwest Nigeria.
From 200 Dollars to 50 Dollars: The Political Economy of Nigerian Workers’ Retrogressive Living Wage in Four Decades
(International Journal of Research in Business and Management, 2020-04-24) Aladegbola Adegbenga Isaac; Mike Omilusi
Nigeria’s minimum wage, which had its advent in 1981, seeks to set a wage floor at an amount considered sufficient to satisfy the basic necessities - food, clothing, housing, education, and recreation - of the worker. Since then, every minimum wage change in Nigeria has been preceded by agitations and sometimes strikes by the labour establishment. This paper examines the struggle of the labour movement as a crucial element within the democratisation process in Nigeria and seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the root causes, effects, and consequences of the progressive living wage in the country. It contends that more than half of the Nigerian population still grapples with extreme poverty while a small group of elites enjoys ever-growing wealth, leaving a glaring sense of inequality in the polity. Relying on available public data, the paper interrogates the deteriorating living conditions of Nigerian workers amidst the opulent lifestyle of the nation’s political class and recommends policy options to the current narrative.
Globalization and the Quest for Development in Nigeria
(American Journal of Social Science Research, 2015-07-03) Ogunwa Samuel Adetola; Ologbenla Derin
Globalisation and development in Nigeria are now more imperative than ever before if the quest for development in all its ramifications is to be achieved holistically. The development anticipated from globalisation has turned out to be a zero-sum game since the economy of globalisation is intended towards consolidating the North hegemony. Developing countries continued to receive the pitfalls of globalisation in spite of the fact that the developed and developing worlds should be co-beneficiaries. Also, globalisation is subjective and, at the same time, Eurocentric, as it propagates the philosophy of Western ideology housed in the New World Order. The paper is a warning signal for the Nigerian government to put the country in order so that the wave of globalisation, which allows multinational corporations to decide the fate of others through nationalisation and internationalisation of national properties of the peripheries to those of metropolitan cities who neither reside in the peripheries, but sent agents across the globe to monitor their investments in and out. The paper argues that Nigeria has been at the receiving end of globalisation, and in fact globalisation is a socio-parasite on the country’s quest for development. For globalisation to be relevant in Nigeria and to benefit the majority of the Nigerian peoples, the leaders at all levels of governance should be autonomous and sensitive before globalisation is accepted in all ramifications. The paper concludes that there are benefits to be derived from the globalising world if both the givers of globalisation and the receivers of globalisation can create an atmosphere where political, economic, social, and cultural consensus can be made so that what becomes ‘A’, that is, the Global North, becomes ‘B’, that is the Global South, and what becomes the Global South becomes the Global North in the long run.
Globalization and the Quest for Development in Nigeria
(American Journal of Social Science Research, 2015-03-07) Ogunwa Samuel Adetola; Ologbenla Derin
Globalization and development in Nigeria is now more imperative than ever before, if the quest for development in all ramifications is to be achieved holistically. The development anticipated from globalization has turned to be a zero-sum game since the economy of globalization is intended towards consolidating the North hegemony. Developing countries continued to receive the pitfalls of globalization in spite of the fact that the developed and developing worlds should be co-beneficiaries. Also, globalization is subjective and at the same time Eurocentric as it propagates the philosophy of Western ideology housed in the New World Order. The paper is a warning signal for the Nigerian government to put the country in order, so that the wave of globalization which allows multinational corporations to decide the of fate of others through nationalization and internationalization of national properties of the peripheries to those of metropolitan cities who neither reside in the peripheries, but sent agents across the globe to monitoring their investments in and out. The paper argues that Nigeria has been at the receiving end of globalization and in fact globalization is a socio-parasite on the country’s quest for development. For globalization to be relevant in Nigeria and to benefit the majority of the Nigerian peoples, the leaders at all levels of governance should be autochthonous and sensitive before globalization is accepted in all ramifications. The paper concludes that there are benefits to be derived from the globalizing world, if both the givers of globalization and the receivers of globalization can create an atmosphere where political, economic, social, and cultural consensus can be made, so that what becomes ‘A’, that is the Global North becomes ‘B’, that is the Global South and what becomes the Global South becomes the Global North at long run.
Globalization and the Quest for Development in Nigeria
(American Journal of Social Science Research, 2014-07-22) Ogunwa Samuel Adetola; Ologbenla Derin
Globalization and development in Nigeria is now more imperative than ever before, if the quest for development in all ramifications is to be achieved holistically. The development anticipated from globalization has turned to be a zero-sum game since the economy of globalization is intended towards consolidating the North hegemony. Developing countries continued to receive the pitfalls of globalization in spite of the fact that the developed and developing worlds should be co-beneficiaries. Also, globalization is subjective and at the same time Eurocentric as it propagates the philosophy of Western ideology housed in the New World Order. The paper is a warning signal for the Nigerian government to put the country in order, so that the wave of globalization which allows multinational corporations to decide the of fate of others through nationalization and internationalization of national properties of the peripheries to those of metropolitan cities who neither reside in the peripheries, but sent agents across the globe to monitoring their investments in and out. The paper argues that Nigeria has been at the receiving end of globalization and in fact globalization is a socio-parasite on the country’s quest for development. For globalization to be relevant in Nigeria and to benefit the majority of the Nigerian peoples, the leaders at all levels of governance should be autochthonous and sensitive before globalization is accepted in all ramifications. The paper concludes that there are benefits to be derived from the globalizing world, if both the givers of globalization and the receivers of globalization can create an atmosphere where political, economic, social, and cultural consensus can be made, so that what becomes ‘A’, that is the Global North becomes ‘B’, that is the Global South and what becomes the Global South becomes the Global North at long run.
Governance and Covid-19 in Developing Countries: Observations from Nigeria
(crawfordjournalofpgstudies.org, 2022-06-09) Ogunwa Samuel Adetola; Ogunwa Florence Adeseeke
The governments across the world were caught unprepared for the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic that claimed several lives. Millions of people struggled between life and death in both developed and developing countries. The disease was so devastating that various governments closed their borders and shut down socio-economic and political activities. People were devastated because there was no movement within and between countries. To cushion the challenges posed by the coronavirus, governments, and organisations in different countries provided palliatives ranging from financial incentives to food items, among others, for their citizens, even helping the needy countries. The paper argues that the effect of COVID-19 in Nigeria is greater than the COVID-19 pandemic itself. Nigerians defiled the directives of their governments largely because these governments’ palliatives not only yielded negative development but were only for the few selected Nigerians. Besides, the elites who were infected by COVID-19 struggled to have space within the limited bed spaces with the masses. Thus reaping from the bad governance they put in place. The paper concludes that the events of 2020, particularly the coronavirus, provided a holistic call to the governments in the country to without delay to put in place institutional mechanisms that will address the issue of good governance: energy, roads, security, particularly modern health care facilities which the government and the governed can access with tokenism for their well-being
Managing Globalization for Sustainable Development in Nigeria.
(The Public Administration and Social Policies Review, 2015-04-17) Ogunwa Samuel Adetola
Managing globalization for sustainable development in Nigeria is now more imperative than ever before, if the quest for development in all ramifications is to be achieved holistically. The development anticipated from globalization has turned to be zero-sum game since economy of globalization is intended towards consolidating the North hegemony. Developing countries continued to receive the pitfalls of globalization in spite of the fact that the developed and developing worlds should be co-beneficiaries. Also, globalization is subjective and at the same time Eurocentric as it propagates the philosophy of Western ideology housed in the New World Order. The paper is a warning signal for the Nigerian government to put the country in order, so that the wave of globalisation, which allows multinational corporations to decide the fate of others through nationalisation and internationalisation of national properties of the peripheries to those of metropolitan cities who neither reside in the peripheries, nor sent agents across the globe to monitor investments in and out. The paper argues that Nigeria has been at the receiving end of globalisation, and in fact globalisation is a socioparasite on the country’s quest for greatness. For globalisation to be relevant in Nigeria and to benefit the majority of the Nigerian peoples, the leaders at all levels of governance should be autonomous and sensitive before globalisation is accepted in all ramifications. The paper concludes that there are benefits to be derived from the globalising world, if both the givers of globalisation and the receivers of globalisation can create an atmosphere where political, economic, social, and cultural consensus can be made so that what becomes ‘A’, that is, the Global North, becomes ‘B’, that is the Global South, and what becomes the Global South becomes the Global North in the long run.
Opinion Survey On Parental And Peer Group Factors Of Juvenile Delinquency In Ketu- Adie Owe Community In Ogun State
(International Journal of Social & Management Sciences, Madonna University (IJSMS), 2017-03) Abisoye Amos Olutunde; Olaniyi Mary Ikeola; Ojo Matthias Olufemi Dada; Akinlotan Raymond Adeniyi; Edegbai Martha Abua
Parental and peer group factors are very cogent in consideration of causes of juvenile delinquency in every society. This paper, therefore, surveyed the opinions of Ketu – Adie Owe Community in Ado/Odo/Ota local government of Ogun State on the parental and peer group factors that cause the engagement of juveniles in anti – social behaviour. Descriptive survey design was adopted in the study. Data were collected through quantitative method. This involved seventy – three copies of questionnaire administered among community residents that were conveniently sampled for the study. The quantitative data were analysed using tables of frequency and percentage distribution. Fifty – nine percent of the respondents were female; 49.3% of them were married and 39.7% of them had 2 or 3 persons in their families. The analyses in the study show that all the respondents (100%) opined that divorce parents encourage juvenile delinquency; lack of parental supervision was affirmed by 89.9% of the 154 respondents as a cause; lack or poor parental skills was signified by 62.5% of the respondents; 74.3% was of the opinion that pampering leads to deviant behaviours among juveniles; a total of 89.1% of the respondents agreed that rejection of children (lack of love, care and affection) will cause juvenile delinquency in children. Data analyses on peer group influences show that 83.1% of the respondents affirmed that if juveniles associate with cult members they will become delinquent; 79.0% of the respondents identified association with group involved in examination malpractice as a factor that will cause delinquency; 84.4% of them chose association with drug users as a cause; 55.0% of the respondents opined that associating with bullies will make juveniles to be delinquent; 85.4% of them identified association with group that engages in theft as a cause and finally, 68.3% affirmed that when juveniles associate with group that plays truancy, they will become delinquent. The study recommends that parents need to teach their children the norms of the society. It further calls for control and prevention of drug abuse. Alleviation of poverty; avoidance of bad peer groups; good parental skills; avoidance of divorce; acceptance of children in love; good parental supervision and avoidance of pampering were also recommended in the study.
Patriarchy and Colonization: The "Brooder House" for Gender Inequality in Nigeria
(Journal of Research on Women and Gender, 2020-05-04) Aladegbola Isaac Adegbenga; Jaiyeola Emmanuel Olorunfemi
The battle for women’s suffrage at English Parliament in 1866 marked the earliest recorded legal battle for equality between men and women. Since then, the issue of gender equality has grown to become a global concern. While it is generally agreed that human rights apply to all human beings (men and women included), women’s fundamental rights and freedom have been limited by patriarchal practices and traditions. The situation is worse in many African societies where colonial legacies and patriarchal culture assign superior roles to men and subordinate roles to women. In Nigeria, these practices have reduced the status of women to being inferior to their male counterparts. This in turn makes it difficult for women to fully participate in as many social, political, and economic activities as men do. Patriarchal culture has brought tremendous setbacks for women in Nigeria, which is the focus of this paper. In addition, stereotyping and stratification of jobs, skills, political offices, and businesses have become so deeply rooted in patriarchy because of the cultures and ideologies of the society. This began with the traditional gender roles in the pre-colonial era and was reinforced during the colonial era when women were forced out of commercial farming and trading to do food-crop farming and petty trading, which both bring in less money. Presently, this practice keeps women under glass ceilings and in low-paying jobs, which contributes largely to most Nigerian women being in poverty, experiencing poor health, and suffering from various abuse due to the inequality of social status between genders. Therefore, this paper critically discusses the historical perspective and analyses how colonial legacies and patriarchy are nurturing gender inequality in Nigeria, using hegemonic and Nigerian masculinity as the theoretical framework of analysis.
Police Brutality against Youth in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria
(International Journal of Humanities, Literature and Art Research, 2025-01) Ojo Matthias Olufemi Dada; Danbaba Enoch Modi; Tegbe Ebenezar
This study investigates police brutality amongst youth within Ibadan metropolis, focusing on its prevalence, causes, and impacts, particularly on youth aged 18–30. The research examines the systemic factors contributing to police violence, including inadequate training, entrenched impunity, and insufficient accountability, using Social Conflict and Strain Anomie theories as frameworks. Highlighting the 2020 #ENDSARS protests as a case study, the research explores the disproportionate targeting of urban youth by law enforcement and the social consequences of such actions. Findings reveal a disconnect between police operations and constitutional mandates, exacerbated by poor working conditions, internal conflicts, and the use of torture-induced confessions. Recommendations emphasize comprehensive police training, anti-bias initiatives, legislative reforms, and community policing to foster transparency, accountability, and public trust. The study also underscores the need for adopting body cameras, implementing whistle-blower protections, and leveraging data-driven analysis to prevent abuse. While the research relies on secondary data and a small sample size, it provides insights into the systemic challenges and socio-political implications of police brutality in Nigeria. The study contributes to policy discussions on safeguarding human rights and advocates for a collaborative, multifaceted strategy to address police misconduct and rebuild community-police relations, ensuring a more equitable justice system.

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