College of Business and Social Sciences

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A Comparative Study of Determinants of Capital Structure of Multinational and Domestic Firms in Nigeria
(Department of Economics, College of Business and Social Sciences, Crawford University, Igbesa, Ogun State, 2023-09) Oyeneye, Kehinde Olufemi
This study investigated the determinants of capital structure of multinational corporations (MNCs) and domestic corporations (DCs) in Nigeria. The main objective is to investigate how capital structure determinant affect multinational firms and domestic firms in Nigeria. To achieve this, fifty-three non-financial firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) over the period of 2005 to 2019 were examined. Five firm-specific factors (leverage, profitability, tangibility, age and size), four macroeconomic factors that vary over time (GDP growth rate, Interest rate, Inflation rate and exchange rate) and four foreign macroeconomic factors that vary over time but country-specific (GDP growth rate, Interest rate, Inflation rate and exchange rate) were sourced from several editions of NSE fact book, several annual reports of included firms, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletins and World Development Indicators. Four issues were specifically examined. The first was to determine if multinational firm\s leverage ratio differs significantly from that of domestic firms. The second issue was to investigate the effect of firm-specific factors on MNCs and DCs. The third was to determine the influence of macroeconomic factors on MNCs and DCs. Finally, the study examined the effect of home country macroeconomic factors on multinational firms only. Panel data analysis was conducted for all models using the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) technique based on period-weight and cross-section weight. The analysis was anchored on two major theories of capital structure; the dynamic trade-off theory and pecking-order theory. The result showed that leverage ratio of multinational firms differs and significantly lower than that of domestic firms. Some factors like profitability, tangibility, interest rate and size were found to be largely responsible for the difference. Based on profitability, the result further showed that domestic firms follow the theoretical prediction of trade-off theory while multinational firms follow the theoretical prediction of pecking-order theory. Interest rate and exchange rate were revealed to have similar impact on leverage ratio for both MNCs and DCs in Nigeria and are significant at per cent. In addition, the inclusion of parent-country macroeconomic factors improves the explanatory power of the model in terms higher adjusted R2. Finally, the study showed that both category of firms pursued target leverage and that both MNCs and DCs respond to deviation from target leverage at the same rate (0.29), resulting in a speed of adjustment of 3.4. Some of the major recommendations from the study is that policy makers and managers of firms should first consider the macroeconomic conditions at home and abroad before taking decision on how much debt to retain in their capital so that over exposure will not affect the firm value and eventual liquidation. In summary, the study showed that MNCs and DCs do not have the same capital structure and are influenced by firm-specific variables and macroeconomic variables differently. The government is encouraged to be aware of the effect of macroeconomic factors on leverage decision of firms and therefore should put in place policies that will make the macroeconomic conditions more favourable to MNCs and DCs financial stability.
A Conceptual Framework of Family Business Succession: Bane of Family Business Continuity
(International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2011-10) Esuh Ossai-Igwe Lucky; Mohd Sobri Minai; Adebayo Isaiah Olusegun
Despite the abundant studies that exist on succession in family business there are still many evidence of family business failures, this is due to the fact that the issue of succession and how it affect family business continuity is still yet to be addressed. Hence, studies on how succession leads to family business continuity are very limited and scarce. Therefore, this study explores and examines succession in relation to family business continuity. This study proposes an integrative conceptual model on how true succession could ensure family business continuity.
A Sociological Investigation of the Determinant Factors and the Effects of Child Street Hawking In Nigeria: Agege, Lagos State, Under Survey
(International Journal of Asian Social Science., 2013) Ojo Matthias Olufemi Dada
An increase in the number of the children hawkers in Nigeria has become worrisome. With selected respondents in a densely populated area of Lagos State (n = 100), this paper investigates the problem of street hawking among the Nigerian children. Agege Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria, was purposely sampled and the respondents who participated in the study were conveniently sampled from the study area. Simple percentages and chi-square were the methods of data analysis employed in this study. The study discovered that the level of awareness of the dangers inherent in child hawking among the affected children was low. The investigation of the study revealed that parents’ levels of education, parents’ occupations and the sizes of the family were significantly related to the problem of child hawkers in the study area. The study recommends intensified enlightenment programmes on the problem of child hawkers, positive and genuine commitment by the government, mass, free and compulsory education, and a serious fight against poverty through poverty alleviation and eradication programmes by the government. The implications of doing these were discussed.
A tripartite approach to social inclusion in selected slums in Lagos State, Nigeria
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2022-09-28) Popogbe Oluwaseyi Omowunmi; Akinleye Simeon Oludiran; Oke David Mautin
Purpose – This study aims to examine the social inclusiveness of slum dwellers by focusing on three key institutions which are social relations, government and the labour market. The literature emphasises the activities of these three institutions as indicators of social inclusion. Also, they accurately describe the social interactions of slum inhabitants at different levels. Design/methodology/approach – Three large slums (Makoko, Ilaje and Iwaya) in Lagos State were purposively selected for this study. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, there was the first level of cluster sampling across the communities and second-level random sampling of household heads in the clusters. In all, 400 respondents were sampled but 388 valid responses were used for the analysis. Findings – The study found minimal levels of inclusion in many of the indicators. However, Makoko had a higher degree of inclusion with respect to social relations and political participation compared to the other locations. Due to the poor level of governance, the resilience of slum dwellers has waned. Research limitations/implications The study was limited to three of the largest slums in Lagos State. Moreover, due to threats of eviction in recent times, many respondents were reluctant to provide adequate answers to some of the questions asked. However, the responses gotten were adequate to provide appropriate awareness and relevant recommendations. Originality/value – The use of primary data made it possible for novel results to be generated on social inclusiveness in selected slums. The study extends the frontier of knowledge on social inclusion.
Agriculture Financing and Growth Performance in Nigeria: Pre-2000 and Post-2000 Analyses
(The Romanian Economic Journal, 2020-03) Popogbe Oluwaseyi Omowunmi; Dauda Risikat Oladoyin
This study examines the role of different types of finance in the development of the Nigerian agricultural sector and two-period (1986-2000 and 2001-2017) analyses are carried out to ascertain this effect. The study adopts the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) analytical technique. Findings show that there exists a positive and significant relationship between Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF) and agricultural output; and industrial output and agricultural output in the pre-2000 analysis. However, only industrial output positively impacted the agricultural sector in the post-2000 analysis while two major sources of finance (ACGSF and Rural Commercial Bank Credit) negatively impacted the agricultural sector during this period. The study recommends an urgent need for effective and well-implemented disbursement of the ACGSF and rural commercial bank credit to the agricultural sector. It is also necessary to strengthen the linkage between the industrial and agricultural sectors so as to sustainably increase the productivity of the agricultural sector.
Alájọbí: Revisiting the Spirit of Kinship on Mission of Reward and Punishment among Yoruba People of Nigeria
(Global Journal of Applied, Management and Social Sciences (GOJAMSS), 2017-09) Akazue Debrah Gloria; Ojo Matthias Olufemi Dada; Abisoye, Amos Olutunde; Aina, Oluwasola
Alájọbí is a strong belief system among Yoruba people. It is the spirit of kinship which plays prominent roles among these people.Several studies have examined kinship systems in African societies but did not pay special attention to the roles of kinship in reward and punishment.This study, therefore, investigated the opinions of Yoruba people on efficiency of Alájọbí (spirit of kinship) to reward or punish members of kinship group. The study adopted survey design. Data were collected through qualitative method. This involved thirty – four indepth interviews conducted in Ado – Odo, Ketu – Adie Owe and Edu communities of Ogun State in Nigeria. The socio – bio data of the respondents were presented and analysed, using percentage. The responses of the participants on Alájọbí were also presented in charts with percentage distributions of their responses. Fifty – two percent of the respondents were female; 76.5% of them were Christians; 85.3% of them were married; 52.9% of them were holders of Bachelor degrees; and 85.3% of them were indigenes of Ogun State. 79.4% of the respondents affirmed that Yoruba people still strongly believe in Alájọbí; 52.9% of them agreed that Alájọbí is strongly efficient in rewarding good deeds and 38.2% concurred that it is strongly efficient in punishing evil deeds. Blood ties or bonds among the kinship members, constant references making to Alájọbí and its efficacy to punish offenders were the reasons given for its strong belief system among Yoruba people. Majority of respondents agreed that Alájọbí rewards people who do good to their kinsmen/kinswomen and that those rewards would even be extended to their children. The respondents also agreed that Alájọbí is very efficient in punishing people who do evils to other members of kinship group. Sudden death, madness, poverty and strange diseases were cited as examples of such punishment. People should not play down the role of Alájọbí to reward and to punish. It operates as a pay back, a just administration of rewards and punishment. It is not a barbaric belief system. Yoruba parents should be teaching their children the Yoruba cultural values and belief systems for preservation and transmission of Yoruba culture from generation to generation. Finally, further studies on Alájọbí and other Yoruba belief systems and the documentation of such studies for academic and cultural preservation should be of paramount interest to us.
An Empirical Analysis of Dominant Awareness Levels as Catalyst for Consumer Loyalty in the Automotive Lubricants Industry of Lagos State Nigeria
(Noble International Journal of Business and Management Research, 2017) Kesinro Olalekan Rasheed; Ojo James Olanipekuna
The study examines the empirical analysis of Dominant Awareness Levels as a catalyst for Consumer Loyalty in the automotive lubricants markets of Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey design to examine 2,824,047 vehicle owners registered with the Motor Vehicle Administration Agency (MVAA) between 2003- 2013. Stratified sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 1,890 from the 20 local government areas of the state. Questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection and the simple percentile statistical technique was used for analysis. The study reveals that there is positive relationship between Dominant Awareness Levels and Consumer Loyalty in the auto-lubricants industry and therefore recommends that marketing practitioners should design awareness techniques that clearly enhance consumer loyalty driven by brand awareness in the lubricants industry of Lagos State, Nigeria.
Analysis of Family Role in Hiv/Aids Prevention among the Ilajes’ of South Western Nigeria
(Sapientia Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Development Studies, 2022-06) Akinlotan Raymond Adeniyi
The global statistics on HIV/AIDS still show that over 40 million persons are infected. The sub-Saharan African countries contain above 60 percent of the Global burden and Nigeria, carries about 8 percent of the Global burden (Ifeanyi, 2004). There has been a steady increase in the HIV/AIDS prevalence in Nigeria is since the 1980s. While worldwide spending on AIDS treatment totalled between $3.3million and 4.5 million in 1990, only two percent of the money was spent in Africa where 50 percent of the world’s AIDS cases are found. Expectedly, the developed countries provided over 84 percent of the amount. However the world health organization stressed that in order to have any real hope of slowing the spread of the epidemic, the world needs to spend at least 20 times more in developing countries in the global fight against AIDS. The organization also pointed out that what the world community commits to preventing AIDS in the4 next couple of years will directly affect the course of the epidemic over the next two or three decades. In response to the epidemic, various measures have been taken at the local, national and international levels to prevent the transmission. Despite such programmes for prevention, efforts to date have not been sufficiently impactful to adequately control HIV/AIDS. Various drugs have been invented, new once are being discovered and administered, yet people are still being infected and are still subjected to various excruciating experiences. Prevention remains the best way of capturing the epidemic. Therefore in recognition of existing lacunae in previous programmes and attempts made to prevent the epidemic, the study examines roles of the family in HIV/AIDS prevention.
Authentic Leadership and Spiritual Capital Development: Agenda for Building Quality Management and Successful Organizations
(International Journal of Development and Management Review, 2008) Yalokwu Patrick O.
An important factor responsible for the poor performance of many organizations is paucity of authentic leadership and spiritual capital. Evidence from various researchers such as William George (2005), Zohar and Marshal (2004), Stephen Covey (2004), indicate that many business companies and government organizations which were known for good governance, have collapsed, not sequel to lack of economic capital but largely because of absence of authentic leaders and managers equipped with spiritual intelligence and vision, purpose and values. The purpose of this paper is to examine authentic leadership and spiritual capital as key elements for the successful building of quality management and effective organizations. It highlights the nexus between authentic leadership and spiritual capital, describes the common features of authentic leadership and spiritual capital, and sets out a process model for developing spiritual capital and authentic leadership in Africa and beyond. Finally, it suggests strategies for the optimal development of authentic leadership and spiritual capital capable of fostering quality management and successful organizations.
Bank Privatization in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Nigeria Deposit Money Banks (1980 – 2015)
(The International Journal Of Business & Management, 2019-06) Oladiran Rotimi Williams; Enyi Patrick Enyi; Adegbie Fola Festus
Federal-owned enterprises witnessed abysmal performance due to government bureaucracy, monumental waste, corruption and inefficiency. Economic reforms such as privatization, commercialization and liberalization were hereby proffered to address the aforementioned inefficiencies. Hence, this study investigated the impact of privatization on financial performance (return on equity) of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria (1980-2015). The study employed ex-post facto research design. Three banks were chosen from the target population of nine privatized deposit money banks, using purposive sampling technique, namely, FBN Plc, UBA Plc and UBN Plc. Data were sourced from publications of relevant banks’ annual reports, the NSE Factbook, and Bureau of Public Enterprises. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and panel regression analysis. The findings revealed that privatization components (Percentage Share privatized, Age of bank, No of Directors, Incremental asset size and Leverage) had significant impact on financial performance (return on equity) (Adj. R2= 0.463, F(5, 30)= 7.048, p<0.05), of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that government must ensure that civil order prevails and democracy thrives, so that collectively appropriate designed can be formulated and implemented to meet societal needs and achieve a sustainable future.
Banking Sector Consolidation and Stock Market Performance
(International Journal of Behavioral Social and Movement Sciences, 2014-10) Adu Cecilia Adurayemi
In this paper, an attempt has been made to address the impact of banking sector consolidation on the stock market performance in Nigeria between 2001 and 2012.The introduction to the banking system in Nigeria was discussed, some literatures were reviewed ,past challenges in the capital market, consolidation exercise between 2004 and 2009 were looked into. The secondary source of data was used to analyze if there was any significant relationship between the banking sector consolidation and stock market performance before, during and after the consolidation exercise. It was concluded that banking consolidation policy on its own could not increase stock market returns but there must be adequate mix with other monetary and fiscal policy instruments to produce desired result.
Banking System Credit as an Instrument of Economic Growth in Nigeria (1983 - 2012)
(European Journal of Business, Economics and Accountancy, 2015) Adenugba Adesoji Adetunji
The study investigated banking system credit as an instrument of economic growth in Nigeria. The purpose of carrying this research work was to identify the reasons why bank lending or access to credit to the poor and Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME) has remained low, to examine the reasons why banking habit is low in Nigeria and to identify the factors or criteria that ensures diligent and prudent credit approval. Time series data collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin between periods of (1983-2012) was used to regress the model using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique. Findings showed that banking system credit is indeed an instrument of economic growth in Nigeria. The research study concluded that, when the size of saving is increased, enough credits or loans will be available for individuals, government, entrepreneurs, private and public sector which will enhance economic growth. To this end therefore, there is need to develop our financial intermediaries towards greater effectiveness and efficiency because a sound financial system instills confidence among savers such that resources are effectively mobilized to increase productivity in the economy. The more liquid money is made available in an economy, the more opportunities exists for continued growth.
Big Brother Nigeria: Its Violations against National Broadcasting Commission Regulations.
(International Journal of Management, Social Sciences, Peace and Conflict Studies, 2022-09) Akinlotan Raymond Adeniyi; Akinlotan Joan Temitope; Akazue Victor Ikechukwu; Oladipo Eunice Molayo
Big Brother Nigeria is a reality show in which a group of persons are brought together while being continuously watched by the viewing public in a house through a television camera. In this reality TV show, contestants are confined in a house and compete to escape eviction so as to win prizes ranging from large sums of money to exotic cars and business contracts. The reality TV show was first debut in Nigeria in 2006. This study investigated the patterns and extent of obscene and uncensored content aired on the Big Brother Nigeria show to ascertain if the contents reflect the value and guidelines layer down by the Nigerian Broadcasting Commission (NBC) in promoting Nigerians culture and value. This study adopted content analysis as a design tool and twelve episodes of the show were analyzed while one hundred and twenty sexual acts were identified in the show. The result of this study showed a high concentration of sexual acts ranging from kissing, caressing, touching, erotic dances, intercourse, etc similarly their inappropriate mode of dressing such as skimpy skirts, transparent dresses, bum shorts were all worn on the Big Brother Naija show. This show goes against our culture and attacks the root of society which is morality because our culture preaches against nudity, use of foul languages, public display of affection and sex on the television screen. These findings recommend that the Nigerian Broadcasting Commission should sanction the Big Brother Nigeria show when not to be broadcast content (NTBB) are aired on the show and they should be afraid of powerful interests to expose the public to such ignominy and immorality. Parents and guidance should also protect their teenagers from viewing X-rated contents or shows on cable TV. Therefore, the Nigerian Broadcasting Commission still has a lot to do in ensuring quality broadcast content are presented to the viewing public.
Cashless Policy and Economic Activities in Developing Countries (A Case Study of Nigeria)
(2015-05-24) Amire Comfort M; Omoare E. O.
Economic activities can be described as legal activities that create and distribute utility from points of production to places of final consumption at a price. Economic activities have been classified into productive activities, commercial activities, distributive activities and service activities. Economic activities are embarked on by two separate economic agents identified as suppliers and buyers. The advent of money resulted into growth and development in economic activities. However, negative consequences associated with cash-based transactions necessitated the adoption of cashless policy. The cashless policy is a policy that encourages more electronic-based transactions. The aim of this study is to determine how some factors of cashless policy impact on economic activities. Some of these factors are availability of power, infrastructures and literacy level. Findings revealed that cashless policy has contributed to the promotion of technology enhanced businesses. In addition, constant and regular supply of electricity will aid cashless policy, thereby strengthening economic activities in Developing countries.
Cashless Policy and Its Effects on the Nigerian Economy
(European Journal of Business, Economics and Accountancy, 2016) Adu Cecilia Adurayemi
The paper discussed the effects of cashless policy on the Nigerian economy, how it was kick-started in Lagos, means of payments (both manual and electronic), positive and negative effects of cashless policy, benefits to the economy and stakeholders, suggestions were made to the Nigerian government on how to curb some of the negative effects and to improve on the implementation of the policy.
Causes and Effect of Gambling Attitude among Private University Students: A Study of Crawford University Igbesa Ogun State
(Sapientia Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Development Studies, 2022-06) Akinlotan Raymond Adeniyi
Gambling is a form of behavior that has been identified to have serious consequences on gamblers health, study-habits, academic performance, and has been reported to be related to some criminal related behaviors. This study examines the causes and effect of gambling among private university students using Crawford University as a case study. In executing this research, social learning theory of gambling was adopted, which postulate that gambling as a form of behavior is highly subjected to reinforcement and reward, the method of analysis adopted in this study is the frequency and percentages under the analysis. The sample for the study consists of undergraduates of Crawford university students, the study found that 67.5% of the students of Crawford University engage in gambling activities, out of which 82.7% are male and 14.3% are female. Majority of the respondent who ever gambled reported that they engage in such activities because they needed money. Despite the fact that some of these students come from a rich home and well educated parents, they still needed more money than their regular allowances. The study thereby suggests that the University through its entrepreneur center should empower students, vocational training with the aim of profit making and then organize on orientation on peer influence.
Celebrity Product-Endorsement And Customer Brand Loyalty In Foods Industry In Ogun State, Nigeria
(Mountain Top University Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences, 2023-12) Kesinro Olalekan Rasheed
The study examines celebrity product-endorsement and customer brand loyalty in foods industry in Ogun State, Nigeria. The population of the study was 2,500 from where a sample of 150 individuals, who are consumers of household products and items produced by Nestle Nigeria Plc in Agbara Industrial Estate in Ado-Odo/Ota Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. The research design used was the survey design while a self-structured questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection. Data analysis tools are Percentages, Correlation and Regression statistical techniques for data analysis. The study revealed that there is a weak positive relationship between celebrity product endorsement and consumer brand appeal (r =0.206, p<0.05), that there is a very weak positive relationship between celebrity overshadowing and consumer purchase intention (r = 0.060, p<0.05) and that there is a weak positive relationship between celebrity trap and consumer brand trust (r = 0.076, p<0.05) among consumers of household products and items produced in the foods industry. The study recommends that marketing practitioners should come up with celebrity product-endorsement strategies and develop capacity to benefit from celebrity endorsed product campaigns to influence purchase decisions. Also design use of appropriate celebrities to avoid celebrity-trap that will guarantee brand trust in the consumer goods markets. Again, that marketing environment should be constantly monitored to enhance brand survival especially in highly competitive consumer goods markets that will enhance customer brand loyalty in foods industry.
Child Trafficking as a Social Problem in Nigerian Society: A Survey of Ikeja Local Government Area Residents of Lagos, Lagos State
(International Journal of Management, Social Sciences, Peace and Conflict Studies, 2024-07) Akinlotan Raymond Adeniyi
This research examines the phenomenon of child trafficking in Nigeria and reasons for victims’ vulnerability. It discussed the motivations for child trafficking and identified poverty as a major cause for victim’s vulnerability. The research draws on information from primary sources (questionnaire). This study identifies the major causes of child trafficking: high level of illiteracy, unemployment and poor standard of living were identified. Questionnaire was administered to collect relevant data which were analysed, using percentage and chi-square. It was discovered that poor family background, poverty, large family size, rapid urbanization among others are the major factors why many Nigerian children are vulnerable to trafficking. Having identified the causes, recommendations were made to help in solving the problem such as Broad production, Preventive actions and Law enforcement.
Confession of Married Women Who Abused Their Husbands in Igbesa Community of Ogun State, Nigeria
(International Journal Of Social Science Research And Anthropology, 2025-02) Ojo Matthias Olufemi Dada; Peter Deborah Ibechone; Funmilola Aduke Akinola
Spouse abuse is generally considered to be the crime of the masculinity in our society with little or no emphasis on men as victims of it. This study, therefore, investigated the abuses committed by married women against their husbands. The study was guided by the combination of conflict and aggression theories and it adopted descriptive survey design. It engaged a non-probability sampling technique in the selection of study area which was done through convenience sampling method and also for the respondents that were selected for the study. Data were collected through quantitative method. This involved admiration of forty copies of the questionnaire prepared for the study. The largest number of respondents were between 40-44 years and 45-49 respectively years with 20.0% of respondents for each. A total of 72.5% were Christians and 67.5% of respondents were Bachelor degree holders. Twenty-five percent of respondents contracted their marriage in church and 30.0% of them had spent between 1-5 years in marriage. The findings revealed that 26.2% of respondents had denied their husbands sexual intercourse in the past, 21.3% of them had assaulted their husbands verbally in the past, 13.1% had stolen their husbands’ money and 11.5% of respondents had threatened their husbands in the past among others. A total of 20.0% of respondents abused their husbands for not consulting them in decision making for the family, 10.0% of them because their husbands were aggressive, 8.6% did this because their husbands were too generous and 7.1% of them abused their husbands because of infidelity and lack of self-control respectively. A total of 35.9% of respondents entered into personal reconciliation with their husbands after the abuse, 22.6% of them said nothing happened after the abuse, 17.0% of them sought for the intervention of parents/relatives and 11.3% of them abstained from intimate relationship with their spouses. The study conclude that men are also being abused by their spouses. More researched on men as victims of spouse abuse, public awareness on spouse abuse by wives, teaching, training, educational programs, supportive services and government interventional policies to curb the problem were recommended.
Contributory Pension Reforms and Employee Risk Perception in the Banking Industry of Lagos State Nigeria.
(World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 2018) Abisoye Olutunde Amos; Oguntuase Ruth Olayemi; Kesinro Olalekan Rasheed
The paper examines contributory pension reforms and risk perception in the banking industry of Nigeria of Lagos State, Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was adopted while the simple random sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 361 respondents. Questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection, measured on a 6-point Likert Scale. 361 copies of questionnaire were administered with a response rate of 60.94%. Data collected were analyzed using the descriptive statistical techniques of Percentiles and Pearson Correlation with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software for editing and encoding. The result shows that contributory pension reforms significantly affect risk perception among employees of commercial banks in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria (R = 0.982, p < 0.05). The study recommends that the management of commercial banks and other financial institutions should ensure continuous and adequate training of personnel to aid innovative, creative and efficient pension management strategies to improve employee welfare.

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