Scholarly Work in Department of Biochemistry

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Organoleptic, minerals and vitamins’ evaluation of some Nigerian breads
(Nigerian food journal, 2007) Ikanone Christopher Efe Oritseweyinmi; Ebuehi O.A. T.; Owolabi O.O.; Amabibi I. T.; Ajekwu A. P.
The organoleptic, minerals and vitamins’ evaluation of someNigerian breads were investigated. Five commonly consumed breads in Lagos, Nigeria, which were used for the study. These were Val-U, Nourish, Big-Treat, Unilag and Agege breads. These breads were purchased from reputable outlets within 24h of production. Organoleptic or sensory evaluation of the bread samples was carried out using 5-point hedonic scale and 20 panelists, who were regular consumers of bread. The appearance, odour, taste, texture and general acceptability were scored. Mineral concentrations of Cu2+, Na+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, K+ and Fe2+ ions in the bread samples were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. VitaminsA, B1, B2 and B6 levels in the bread sampleswere analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The percentage mean sensoryscore of appearance, odour, taste, texture, and general acceptability of these breads were between 84.0 and 60.0. Big-Treat White bread recorded the highest score of 84.0% while Agege Bread had the lowest score of 60.0%. Val-Ubread contained the highest concentrations ofminerals,while Big-TreatWhite and Agege breads had the lowest mineral levels. The vitaminAlevel in Big-TreatWhite bread was significantly (p<0.01) higher as compared to other bread samples. There was little or noVitaminB1,B2 andB6 in some of theNigerian breads. Big-Treat White bread was the most preferred, followed byNourish andUnilag breads,whileAgege bread was least preferred of the breads. The Nigerian breads were rich in minerals and vitamin A and the nutrient composition of these breads may have influenced their consumers’preference and general acceptability. In conclusion, Nigerian breads are rich in some micronutrients especiallyvitaminA, calcium, magnesium and potassium , which are essential for normal growth and health of humans.
Effects of administration of sertraline, clozapine, amitriptyline and imipramine on brain serotonin, liver enzymes and blood chemistry of rabbit
(International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2009) Ikanone Christopher Efe Oritseweyinmi; Ebuehi O. A. T.; Balogun A. A.; Akinwande A. I.; Famuyiwa O.O.
The chronic administration of sertraline, clozapine, amitriptyline and imipramine on brain serotonin, liver enzymes and blood chemistry of rabbits were investigated. Sixty rabbits were equally divided into 5 groups and each group was intraperitoneally administered 2 ml of 0.5 mg of the respective drug/kg body weight/day) and saline as control for 28 days. After 28 days, the rabbits were sacrificed; blood taken, liver and brain were excised. The concentration of total protein, serotonin, cholesterol and triglyceride in serum, liver and brain were determined. The activities of serum and liver alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase were also assayed. The serum serotonin and brain serotonin levels in rabbits administered the respective drugs were significantly (p<0.01) higher than in rabbits administered saline. Brain protein and cholesterol levels in rabbit administered saline were significantly lower than in those administered sertraline, clozapine, amitriptyline and imipramine, with no difference in the serum protein levels. The activities of serum and liver AST and ALT of rabbits administered saline were significantly lower than in those administered the respective drugs, with the exception of serum ALP. Data from the study indicate that intraperitoneal administration of imipramine or amitriptyline produced a more pronounced effect on brain serotonin, activities of liver derived enzymes in serum and blood chemistry of rabbits compared to sertraline or clozapine.
Methanolic Extract of Xylopia aethiopica Ameliorates Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Damage in Male Wistar Rats
(Annual Review & Research in Biology, 2013) Ikanone Christopher Efe Oritseweyinmi; Ogungbe B. F.; Folorunso O. S.
Aims: To examine the ameliorative effect of the methanolic extract of Xylopia aethiopica in acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage male Wistar rats. Study Design: Twelve male rats were randomly grouped into four. 􂀜A􂀝 = Control, 􂀜B􂀝 = Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxic (PCM-IHT), 􂀜C􂀝 = 200 mg/kg b.w treated and 􂀜D􂀝 = 400 mg/kg b.w treated. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Lagos State University, Ojo Lagos, Nigeria between November 2011 and March 2012. Methodology: 􂀜A􂀝 received 3.0 ml of distilled water, 􂀜B􂀝 received 350 mg/kg b.w/day of Paracetamol, 􂀜C􂀝 after been induced (B) was treated with 200 mg/kg b.w/day and 􂀜D􂀝 after been induced (B) was treated with 400 mg/kg b.w/day of the plant extract. Two days after the last treatment, the serum was used to assay for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase Results: The activities of ALT and AST reduced from 85.83±3.4 U/L and 148.2±9.75 U/L in the induced groups to 39.33±1.67 U/L and 68.84±5.72 U/L when treated with 200mg/kg and 35.67±2.46 U/L and 38.26±3.0 U/L when treated with 400 mg/kg respectively. There was no significant difference when 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w treatments were compared with the control (ALT = 38.0±0.40 U/L and AST = 53.71±2.70 U/L) (P>.05). Similarly, the activities of ALP and ACP reduced from 240.8±3.98 U/L and 152.2±7.91 U/L in them induced groups to 126.0±7.62 U/L and 56.17±1.55 U/L when treated with 200 mg/kg and 188.5±4.71 U/L and 93.55±2.18 U/L when treated with 400mg/kg respectively. The 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w treatments appeared to be significantly different from each other but with former being positively correlated with the control (ALP = 135.8±6.74 U/L and ACP = 61.96±4.12 U/L). Conclusion: The methanolic extract of Xylopia aethiopica possessed hepatoreparative property especially in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity; however, its toxicity needs to be examined.
Effect of Boiling and Frying on the Total Carbohydrate, Vitamin C and Mineral Contents of Irish (Solanun tuberosum) and Sweet (Ipomea batatas) Potato Tubers
(Nigerian Food Journal, 2014) Ikanone Christopher Efe Oritseweyinmi; Oyekan P.O.
In a study aimed at ascertaining whether boiling or frying best conserves nutrients; since the two methods are commonly adapted in Nigeria, the effect of boiling and frying on total carbohydrate, vitamin C and mineral contents of Irish (Solanum tuberosum) and sweet (Ipomea batatas) potato tubers were investigated. The determination of total carbohydrate was carried out using the phenol-sulphuric acid method and the spectrophotometric method was used to determine vitamin C content at 520 nm. The minerals evaluated are iron, zinc, magnesium, sodium, calcium and copper. These were determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the total carbohydrate content of the boiled and fried sweet and Irish potatoes compared with their raw tubers. There was significant difference (p < 0.05) in the vitamin C content of the boiled and fried potato tubers. Boiling and frying of Irish potato resulted in a loss of 37.34 mg/100 ml (63.90%) and 30.44 mg/100 ml (53.90%) vitamin C respectively. Boiled sweet potato lost 51.16 mg/100 ml (72.37%) and fried lost 43.05 mg/100 ml (60.90%) of vitamin C. The mineral compositions of the boiled and fried Irish and sweet potatoes were significantly different (p < 0.05) from their raw tubers. Boiling retained more iron and copper while frying retained more zinc, magnesium, sodium and calcium in both Irish and sweet potato tubers. Boiling retained more carbohydrate while frying retained more vitamin C and minerals.
Production and characterization of amylase by mixed cultures of Aspergilllus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii
(Biokemistri, 2014) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Akpan Inyang
This study evaluated the potentials of mixed cultures of Aspergillus flavus and A. tamarii used for enhanced amylase production. Amylase producing moulds were screened from the soil by plating on Remazol Brillant Blue-Starch agar. Out of the 800moulds screened, studies were conducted on amylase production of monocultures and mixed cultures of non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus(A) and Aspergillus tamarii(C) by growing them on rice bran solid media at 30°C for 72h. The synergy between the two moulds was pronounced at 70°C and pH 6.0, 7.0 where the enzyme activity of the mixed culture(E) was 2.5times higher than that of the monocultures. Storage stability with Cassava starch and Soyabean flour showed that the maximal enzyme stability of 95% was obtained with 3% (w/v) of Cassava starch at 4°C while 96% enzyme stability was achieved with 4% (w/v) Soyabean flour at 30°C over a period of 8weeks. Thin Layer Chromatography of starch hydrolysates showed a mixture of glucose and maltose from extracts of A with only maltose from C suggesting that A produced glucoamylase and α- amylase while C produced only α-amylase. This study shows that extracts of the mixed cultures contain enzyme complex that can be of high importance in the starch industry.
Investigating prospects of Phyllanthus muellerianus as ecofriendly/ sustainable material for reducing concrete steelreinforcement corrosion in industrial/microbial environment
(Energy Procedia, 2015) Ogunlana Oluseyi Ebenezer; Okeniyi Joshua Olusegun; Omotosho Olugbenga Adeshola; Ogunlana Olubanke Olujoke; Okeniyi Elizabeth Toyin; Owoeye Taiwo Felicia; Ogbiye Adebanji Samuel
Characterization and experimental modelling were employed for investigating prospects of Phyllanthus muellerianus as eco-friendly/sustainable material for reducing concrete steel-reinforcement corrosion in industrial/microbial environment. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy/Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy of the inorganic and organic constituent of the leaf, as well as total-corrosion effects of the leaf-extract admixture in steel-reinforced concrete were requisitely analyzed and interpreted. Results showed that Phyllanthus muellerianus is constituted of non-toxic level of inorganic/heavy metals, useful phytochemical constituents and essential heteroatoms that makes it potent with excellent reduction effects on the total-corrosion model of steel-reinforcement in concrete immersed in the industrial/microbial simulating-environment studied.
Simultaneous Production of Glucose and Ascorbic Acid from Cassava Starch by Mixed Culture of Aspergilllus Flavus and Aspergillus Tamarii
(Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 2016) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Omemu Adebukunola Mobolaji; Akpan Inyang
The study evaluated simultaneous production of glucose and ascorbic acid from cassava starch by fungal amylases of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii grown on rice bran solid medium at 30oC for 72 h. Partially purified amylase of Aspergillus flavus (A), Aspergillus tamarii (C), and partially purified amylase extracted from the mixed cultures of A. flavus and A. tamarii (B), hydrolyzed cooked cassava starch to glucose optimally at 70oC, pH 6.0 with 90%, 70% and 85% conversion efficiency respectively. On the contrary, bioconversion of cassava starch by enzyme extracts of the three cultures A, B, and C to ascorbic acid occurred mainly at 65oC, pH 4.5. Enzyme extracts of A and C converted cooked cassava starch to ascorbic acid in a two-step reaction at 65oC, pH 4.5 after 6 h of fermentation to yield 15 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml ascorbic acid respectively. The synergy between Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii in the mixed culture resulted in an increased ascorbic acid production of 43 mg/ml at 6 h. Glucose production was inversely proportional to ascorbic acid production indicating a direct conversion of glucose to ascorbic acid by enzyme extracts of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tamarii and mixed cultures of A. flavus and A. tamarii. This shows that enzyme of the mixed cultures contain enzyme complex that can be useful in the direct conversion of cassava starch to ascorbic acid
Effect of Sub-Acute Exposure to Bonny Light Crude Oil On Plasma Biochemistry and Liver Histopathology of Albino Rat
(Animal Research International, 2017) Ikanone Christopher Efe Oritseweyinmi; Akinloye Oluseyi Adeboye; Ugbaja Regina Ngozi; Omotainse Samuel Olatunbosun; Ajayi Olusola Lawrence; Shopein Tolumide Michael
The study investigated the consequences of the effect of sub-acute exposure to Nigerian Bonny Light Crude Oil (BLCO) crude oil on the blood chemistry and integrity of the liver of male albino rats. A total of 20 male wistar rats were used for the study. Exposure to crude oil was achieved by oral administration of increasing doses (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 ml of BLCO/g body weight) to the rats every day for two weeks. The initial and final body weights were recorded. The toxic effects on the liver were accessed using commercial kits and histopathological studies were carried out using standard histopathological technique. The results revealed that liver cells were damaged due to the crude oil administered. There was significant increase (p<0.05) in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and total and direct bilirubin concentrations, and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the total protein concentration as compared with the control group. Histopathological examinations indicated that crude oil caused severe pathological changes, it also revealed mild to severe disruption of the normal architectural structure of the liver accompanied by the death of many liver cells and the presence of pocket of blood within the liver parenchyma and cholangitis in the group treated with the highest dose (1.00 ml of BLCO /g body weight). The results therefore indicate that the sub-acute administration of the crude oil brought about impaired function of the liver which could lead to liver disease at very low doses and are such the use of the crude oil as a therapy to poisons, convulsion and other gastrointestinal disorders should be discouraged.
Biosynthesis of Ascorbic Acid by Aspergillus Flavus and Aspergillus Tamarii Immobilized in Afzelia Africana Matrix.
(Food and Applied Bioscience Journal, 2018) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Akinloye Oluseyi Adeboye; Popoola Temitope
A novel matrix for the immobilization of ascorbic acid produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii was reported. Spores of A. flavus and A. tamarii were immobilized on Afzelia africana matrix cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (2.5%) and the effects of Afzelia africana gel concentration (9–13%), spore load (100–500 mg/100 ml), bead size (2–7 mm) and bead number (2–10) on ascorbic acid yield were determined. The immobilized fungi were cultured in a liquid fermentation medium containing BSG (0.6% w/v) for ascorbic acid production for 144 h. The ascorbic acid produced was quantified titrimetrically. The statistical analysis of the effects of gel concentration, spore load and bead size on ascorbic acid production showed no significant difference at p>0.05. However, there was significant difference in the effect of bead number on ascorbic acid production at p<0.05. Ascorbic acid yield of 8.5 g/L and 7.5 g/L was produced by Aspergillus tamarii and Aspergillus flavus respectively using 9 beads at 96 h of fermentation. The immobilized Aspergillus tamarii and Aspergillus flavus retained activities of 72% and 70% respectively after five repeated cycle and also exhibited increased activities over the free cells. This study shows the potential of Afzelia africana as a novel matrix for enhanced ascorbic acid production.
Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Spent Cooking Oil by Fungal Lipase Using Response Surface Methodology
(Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology, 2018) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Adio Olayinka Quadri; Osho Michael Bamitale; Omeike Sunday Osaizua
This study evaluated the potential of optimizing Spent Cooking Oil (SCO) transesterification for biodiesel production using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Potential biodiesel yield from transesterification was optimized using a three-level four factor Response Surface Central Composite Design (RSCCD) with methanol oil ratio (1:1 to 3:1), temperature range 35-45 °C, agitation speed range 100-200 rpm and enzyme load 10-20%. Biodiesel properties including fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), Flash Point (FP), Pour Point (PP) and kinematic viscosity were compared with American (ASTM D6751) and European Union (EN 14214) standards. Biodiesel production was optimum at 3:1 methanol to oil ratio, temperature of 35 °C, agitation speed of 150 rpm and 20% enzyme load. 9-octadecanoic acid hydroxyl methyl ester (33.83%) was the prominent FAME produced, while the viscosity (6 mm2/s), density (893 kg/m3), FP (260 °C) and PP (- 0.5 °C) all met both American and European standards. This study showed that RSM is a viable methodology which could be used for optimization of biodiesel production from biological sources.
Microbial Production of Ascorbic Acid from Brewery Spent Grain (BSG) by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii
(Food and Applied Bioscience Journal, 2018) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Akinloye Oluseyi Adeboye
This study evaluated the use of Brewery Spent Grain (BSG) as a novel substrate for the production of ascorbic acid using Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii. Spores of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii were cultured in a liquid fermentation medium containing BSG (0.6% w/v) for ascorbic acid production. The process was studied at pH 4–8, temperature range 30–45°C, agitation speed range 60–160 rpm for 168 h. Stability studies and the effects of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (0.5–4.0 g/ml) on ascorbic acid production were studied. Ascorbic acid produced was quantified by titration techniques and with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The statistical analysis of the effects of temperature and agitation speed on ascorbic acid production showed no significant difference at p<0.05. However, there was significant difference in the effect of pH on ascorbic acid production at p<0.05. Optimum ascorbic acid yields of 7.25 g/L and 6.25 g/L were produced by A. tamarii and A. flavus respectively at pH 5.0, temperature (40°C) and agitation speed of 100 rpm at 96 h of fermentation. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) showed that 6.248 g/L and 7.246 g/L of ascorbic acid were produced by A. flavus and A. tamarii, respectively. Ascorbic acid production by A. flavus and A. tamarii was completely inhibited at 4 g/ml of EDTA. This study shows the potential of BSG as a novel substrate for ascorbic acid production.
Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Spent Cooking Oil by Fungal Lipase Using Response Surface Methodology
(Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology, 2018) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Adio Olayinka Quadri; Osho Michael Bamitale; Omeike Sunday Osaizua
transesterification for biodiesel production using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Potential biodiesel yield from transesterification was optimized using a three-level four factor Response Surface Central Composite Design (RSCCD) with methanol oil ratio (1:1 to 3:1), temperature range 35-45 °C, agitation speed range 100-200 rpm and enzyme load 10-20%. Biodiesel properties including fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), Flash Point (FP), Pour Point (PP) and kinematic viscosity were compared with American (ASTM D6751) and European Union (EN 14214) standards. Biodiesel production was optimum at 3:1 methanol to oil ratio, temperature of 35 °C, agitation speed of 150 rpm and 20% enzyme load. 9-octadecanoic acid-hydroxyl methyl ester (33.83%) was the prominent FAME produced, while the viscosity (6 mm2/s), density (893 kg/m3), FP (260 °C) and PP (- 0.5 °C) all met both American and European standards. This study showed that RSM is a viable methodology which could be used for optimization of biodiesel production from biological sources.
Microbial Production of Ascorbic Acid from Brewery Spent Grain (BSG) by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii
(Food and Applied Bioscience Journal, 2018) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Popoola Temitope; Akinloye Oluseyi Adeboye
This study evaluated the use of Brewery Spent Grain (BSG) as a novel substrate for the production of ascorbic acid using Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii. Spores of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii were cultured in a liquid fermentation medium containing BSG (0.6% w/v) for ascorbic acid production. The process was studied at pH 4–8, temperature range 30–45°C, agitation speed range 60–160 rpm for 168 h. Stability studies and the effects of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (0.5–4.0 g/ml) on ascorbic acid production were studied. Ascorbic acid produced was quantified by titration techniques and with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The statistical analysis of the effects of temperature and agitation speed on ascorbic acid production showed no significant difference at p<0.05. However, there was significant difference in the effect of pH on ascorbic acid production at p<0.05. Optimum ascorbic acid yields of 7.25 g/L and 6.25 g/L were produced by A. tamarii and A. flavus respectively at pH 5.0, temperature (40°C) and agitation speed of 100 rpm at 96 h of fermentation. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) showed that 6.248 g/L and 7.246 g/L of ascorbic acid were produced by A. flavus and A. tamarii, respectively. Ascorbic acid production by A. flavus and A. tamarii was completely inhibited at 4 g/ml of EDTA. This study shows the potential of BSG as a novel substrate for ascorbic acid production.
Strain improvement of Aspergillus flavus for enhanced ascorbic acid production by physical and chemical mutagenesis
(Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology, 2018) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Banjo Temitope Oluwabunmi; Abayomi O. S.
The demand for ascorbic acid in the food and pharmaceutical industry led to the search for hyper ascorbic acid producing strains by physical and chemical mutagenesis. Spores of Aspergillus flavus were subjected to Ultraviolet (UV) radiation (240 nm) and Ethidium Bromide (EB) (25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml) to develop hyper-producing mutants. The selected mutants were cultured in a liquid fermentation medium containing Brewery Spent Grain (0.6 % w/v) at pH range 4 - 8, temperature range 30 - 45 °C, agitation speed range 60 - 160 rpm for 96 h. Ascorbic acid produced was quantified by titration techniques and with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The UV and EB mutant strains of A. flavus gave increased ascorbic acid yields of 6.99 g/L and 7.28 g/L respectively when compared to the parental strain with ascorbic acid yield of 3.92 g/L. Optimum ascorbic acid yields were produced at 40 °C, pH 5.0 and 100 rpm at 96 h of fermentation. This study shows the potential of strain improvement for enhanced ascorbic acid production.
Potential Anti-Cancer Flavonoids Isolated From Caesalpinia bonduc Young Twigs and Leaves: Molecular Docking and In Silico Studies
(Bioinformatics and Biology Insights, 2019) Ogunlana Oluseyi Ebenezer; Ogunlana Olubanke Olujoke; Iheagwam Franklyn Nonso; Isewon Itunuoluwa; Oyelade Jelili
Tyrosine kinase (TK), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are important cancer therapeutic target proteins. Based on reported anti-cancer and cytotoxic activities of Caesalpinia bonduc, this study isolated phytochemicals from young twigs and leaves of C bonduc and identified the interaction between them and cancer target proteins (TK, VEGF, and MMP) in silico. AutoDock Vina, iGEMDOCK, and analysis of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the isolated bioactives as therapeutic molecules were performed. Seven phytochemicals (7-hydroxy-4′-methoxy-3,11 dehydrohomoisoflavanone, 4,4′-dihydroxy-2’-methoxychalcone, 7,4′-dihydroxy-3,11-dehydrohomoisoflavanone, luteolin, quercetin-3-methyl, kaempferol-3-O-β d-xylopyranoside and kaempferol- 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-xylopyranoside) were isolated. Molecular docking analysis showed that the phytochemicals displayed strong interactions with the proteins compared with their respective drug inhibitors. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the compounds were promising suggesting that they can be developed as putative lead compounds for developing new anti-cancer drugs.
Bioethanol Production from Bitter Yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) and Water Yam (Dioscorea alata) Peels
(Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 2019) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Banjo Temitope Oluwabunmi; Ogbonna C.B; Eze O.I.
Bioethanol which is an alternative source of fuel to fossil fuels can be produced from renewable crops. However, some of these renewable feedstocks are food competitive. Hence, this study therefore investigated the production of bioethanol from bitter yam and water yam peels. Strains of Aspergillus spp and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were obtained from the Microbiology laboratory of the University and characterized using morphological characteristics. The spores of Aspergillus tamarii and colonies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were cultured in bitter yam and water yam medium using the bitter and water yam peels as substrates for ethanol production at substrate concentrations of 5 – 30 %, temperature range of 25 - 45 oC, agitation speed of 60-160 rev/min and pH range of 4.0 - 8.0. Optimum bioethanol yield of 13 % was obtained with bitter yam peels at substrate concentration of 20 %, temperature of 35 oC, agitation of 100 rev/min and pH of 7.0. Similarly, optimum bioethanol yield of 11 % was obtained with water yam peels at substrate concentration of 20 %, temperature of 35 oC, agitation of 100 rev/min and pH of 5.0. Bioethanol yield from bitter yam peels was observed to be higher than that of water yam peels at substrate concentration of 20 %, temperature of 35 oC, agitation of 100 rev/min and pH of 7.0. This study shows the potential of bitter yam and water yam peels as substrates for the biosynthesis of ethanol which can serve as alternative source of fuel.
Optimization and production of ascorbic acid by fusant cell of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii
(Journal of King Saud University – Science, 2019) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Akinduti Akinniyi Paul; Temitope Popoola; Akinloye Oluseyi Adeboye
Ascorbic acid is an essential vitamin for the optimal growth of most animals including humans. The complexity and expensive nature of ascorbic acid production necessitates the development of a relatively simple and cost-effective method for its production. Hence, this study explored the potential of a somatic hybrid (fusant cell) of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii for enhanced production of ascorbic acid. Optimization studies of the ascorbic acid fermentation processes were performed at pH range of 4–8, temperature range of 30–45 C and agitation speed range 60–160 rpm for 96 h of fermentation. Quantification of the ascorbic acid produced was done titrimetrically. There was significant difference (P < 0.05) in the ascorbic acid production of the fusant cell and the parental cells. The ascorbic acid produced by the somatic hybrid was 8.85 g/L compared to its parental strains (3.92 g/L and 4.57 g/L). However, pH, temperature and agitation speed had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on ascorbic acid production. The study revealed that maximal ascorbic acid production of 9.95 g/L was obtained at pH 5.0, temperature 40 C and agitation speed of 100 rpm at 96 h of fermentation. This study shows the potential of fusant cell for enhanced ascorbic acid production.
Production Of Ascorbic Acid By Blastoschizomyces spp and Kluyveromyces marxianus From Corn Straw Waste Using Submerged Fermentation
(Crawford Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences, 2019) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Omisore A. E.
Corn Straw Waste (CSW) as a novel substrate for the production of ascorbic acid by yeasts using submerged fermentation. Cells of Blastoschizomyces spp and Kluyveromyces marxianus were cultured in a liquid fermentation medium containing CSW (0.6 % w/v) for ascorbic acid production. Optimization studies of the ascorbic acid fermentation process was carried out at pH range 4 - 8, temperature range 30 - 45 °C, agitation speed range 50 - 200 rpm for 120 h. Ascorbic acid produced was quantified by titration using 2, 6-Dichlorophenol Indophenol (DCPIP) dye. The statistical analysis of the effects of different concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, temperature and agitation speed on ascorbic acid production showed no significant difference at p<0.05. Optimum ascorbic acid yields of 6.5 g/L and 5.5 g/L were produced by Blastoschizomyces spp and Kluyveromyces marxianus respectively at pH 5, temperature (35 °C) and agitation speed of 100 rpm at 120 h of fermentation. This study shows the potential of Corn straw waste as a novel and economical substrate for ascorbic acid production.
Optimization and production of ascorbic acid by fusant cell of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii
(Journal of King Saud University – Science, 2019) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Akinduti Akinniyi Paul; Popoola Temitope; Akinloye Oluseyi Adeboye
Ascorbic acid is an essential vitamin for the optimal growth of most animals including humans. The complexity and expensive nature of ascorbic acid production necessitates the development of a relatively simple and cost-effective method for its production. Hence, this study explored the potential of a somatic hybrid (fusant cell) of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii for enhanced production of ascorbic acid. Optimization studies of the ascorbic acid fermentation processes were performed at pH range of 4–8, temperature range of 30–45 C and agitation speed range 60–160 rpm for 96 h of fermentation. Quantification of the ascorbic acid produced was done titrimetrically. There was significant difference (P < 0.05) in the ascorbic acid production of the fusant cell and the parental cells. The ascorbic acid produced by the somatic hybrid was 8.85 g/L compared to its parental strains (3.92 g/L and 4.57 g/L). However, pH, temperature and agitation speed had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on ascorbic acid production. The study revealed that maximal ascorbic acid production of 9.95 g/L was obtained at pH 5.0, temperature 40 C and agitation speed of 100 rpm at 96 h of fermentation. This study shows the potential of fusant cell for enhanced ascorbic acid production.
The use of immobilized microalgal bead concentrations in the removal of ammonium nitrogen from synthetic wastewater.
(Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology, 2019) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Oluwole O. R.; Tobin C. M.; Efunwoye O. O.; Awoyemi, S. O.
Removal of chemical pollutants has been important in the treatment of wastewater. The effect of Chlorella vulgaris (microalgae) on the removal of ammonium nitrogen (NH +) in 4 synthetic wastewater (wastewater prepared in the laboratory) was investigated. C. vulgaris cells were immobilized in calcium alginate beads to allow diffusion of nutrients but retention of the cells. Concentration of C. vulgaris cells used to treat wastewater were equivalent to 20 g/l, 40 g/l and 80 g/l of wastewater and treatment was under laboratory conditions at 25±2°C. C. vulgaris was effective in the removal of NH + from wastewater; at 4 the end of 24 hours of treatment, there was reduction in the initial concentration of NH + 4 by 78% for 20 g/l. For 40 g/l treatment, there was 97% reduction in NH + and 91% 4 reduction for 80 g/l treatment. After 43 hr of treatment, there was further reduction in NH + for 20 g/l (86%), and 80 g/l (93%) but 40 g/l (97%) remained constant. The 4 concentration of C. vulgaris that showed the best activity in removing NH + -from 4 wastewater was 40 g/l.

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