Scholarly Work in Department of Biochemistry
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Item The Potential of Beeswax Coating in the Preservation of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Fruits(Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control, 2024) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Malomo R.Background: Tomatoes are fruits that are highly prone to spoilage, making them vulnerable to microbial decay. This research aimed to explore the effectiveness of an edible coating, specifically beeswax, in prolonging the shelf-life of tomato fruits. Methods: A total of twenty-four tomatoes were procured from the market in September 2021, washed, and subsequently treated with beeswax at varying concentrations of 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15%) (w/v). The tomatoes were then stored in well-ventilated baskets for 30 days, during which organoleptic, biochemical, and microbial assessments were conducted. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of the beeswax samples was performed following standard procedures. The relative percentage of each component was determined by comparing its average peak area to the total area. The mean and standard deviation of the duplicated data were calculated, and significance was assessed using ANOVA at a 95% confidence interval (p-value<0.05) with the aid of the Statgraphics Plus (version 5.0) statistical package. Results: The beeswax emulsion achieved an optimal preservation rate of 70%, significantly higher than the control group, which had a rate of 20%. Additionally, a mean preservation rate of 68% was noted with the 12% beeswax emulsion, compared to 20% for control after 30 days. Fungal isolates identified from the fruits included Aspergillus niger, Candida krusei, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida sp., A. fumigatus, Penicillium notatum, and A. terreus. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of the beeswax indicated the presence of certain compounds that may contribute to its antimicrobial properties. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that beeswax emulsion effectively extends the shelf-life of tomato fruits, offering a potential solution to reduce waste and economic losses for farmers and the broader economy.Item Strain improvement of Aspergillus flavus for enhanced ascorbic acid production by physical and chemical mutagenesis(Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology, 2018) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Banjo Temitope Oluwabunmi; Abayomi O. S.The demand for ascorbic acid in the food and pharmaceutical industry led to the search for hyper ascorbic acid producing strains by physical and chemical mutagenesis. Spores of Aspergillus flavus were subjected to Ultraviolet (UV) radiation (240 nm) and Ethidium Bromide (EB) (25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml) to develop hyper-producing mutants. The selected mutants were cultured in a liquid fermentation medium containing Brewery Spent Grain (0.6 % w/v) at pH range 4 - 8, temperature range 30 - 45 °C, agitation speed range 60 - 160 rpm for 96 h. Ascorbic acid produced was quantified by titration techniques and with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The UV and EB mutant strains of A. flavus gave increased ascorbic acid yields of 6.99 g/L and 7.28 g/L respectively when compared to the parental strain with ascorbic acid yield of 3.92 g/L. Optimum ascorbic acid yields were produced at 40 °C, pH 5.0 and 100 rpm at 96 h of fermentation. This study shows the potential of strain improvement for enhanced ascorbic acid production.Item Simultaneous Production of Glucose and Ascorbic Acid from Cassava Starch by Mixed Culture of Aspergilllus Flavus and Aspergillus Tamarii(Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 2016) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Omemu Adebukunola Mobolaji; Akpan InyangThe study evaluated simultaneous production of glucose and ascorbic acid from cassava starch by fungal amylases of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii grown on rice bran solid medium at 30oC for 72 h. Partially purified amylase of Aspergillus flavus (A), Aspergillus tamarii (C), and partially purified amylase extracted from the mixed cultures of A. flavus and A. tamarii (B), hydrolyzed cooked cassava starch to glucose optimally at 70oC, pH 6.0 with 90%, 70% and 85% conversion efficiency respectively. On the contrary, bioconversion of cassava starch by enzyme extracts of the three cultures A, B, and C to ascorbic acid occurred mainly at 65oC, pH 4.5. Enzyme extracts of A and C converted cooked cassava starch to ascorbic acid in a two-step reaction at 65oC, pH 4.5 after 6 h of fermentation to yield 15 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml ascorbic acid respectively. The synergy between Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii in the mixed culture resulted in an increased ascorbic acid production of 43 mg/ml at 6 h. Glucose production was inversely proportional to ascorbic acid production indicating a direct conversion of glucose to ascorbic acid by enzyme extracts of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tamarii and mixed cultures of A. flavus and A. tamarii. This shows that enzyme of the mixed cultures contain enzyme complex that can be useful in the direct conversion of cassava starch to ascorbic acidItem Antibacterial activities of plant leaf extracts against multi-antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with skin and soft tissue infections.(BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 2022) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Akinduti Akinniyi Paul; Emoh‑Robinson Victoria; Obamoh‑Triumphant H. F.; Obafemi Yemisi DorcasBackground: The antibacterial activities of aqueous leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera, Vernonia amygdalina, Azadirachta indica and Acalypha wilkesiana against multidrug resistance (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus associated with skin and soft tissue infections were investigated. Methods: Staphylococcus aureus (n = 183) from the skin and soft tissue infections with evidence of purulent pus, effusions from aspirates, wounds, and otorrhea were biotyped, and evaluated for biofilm production. The phenotypic antibiotic resistance and MDR strains susceptibility to plant leaves extract were determined using disc diffusion and micro-broth dilution assays respectively. The correlation of plant extract bioactive components with inhibitory activities was determined. Results: High occurrence rate of S. aureus were recorded among infant and adult age groups and 13.2% mild biofilm producers from the wound (p < 0.05). Of 60.2% MDR strains with overall significant MARI of more than 0.85 (p < 0.05), high resistant rates to linozidine (92.7%; 95% CI:7.27–10.52), ofloxacin (94.2%; 95% CI:6.09–8.15), chloramphenicol (91.2%; 95% CI:6.11–8.32), gentamicin (97.3%; 95% CI:6.20–8.22), ciprofloxacin (92.7%; 95% CI: 5.28–7.99) and vancomycin (86.6%; 95% CI:6.81–9.59) were observed. Vernonia amygdalina and Azadirachta indica showed significant antimicrobial activity at 100 mg/ml and 75 mg/ml, with low susceptibility of less than 10% to 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 75 mg/ml Moringa oleifera. Alkaloids, saponin and terpenoids were significant in Moringa oleifera, Acalypha wilkesiana, Azadirachta indica and Vernonia amygdalina leaves extracts (p < 0.05). High inhibitory concentrations at IC50; 3.23, 3.75 and 4.80 mg/ml (p = 0.02, CI: − 0.08 – 11.52) and IC90; 12.9, 7.5, and 9.6 mg/ml (p = 0.028, CI: 2.72–23.38) were shown by Acalypha wilkesiana, Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa oleifera respectively. Comparative outcome of the plant extracts showed Acalypha wilkesiana, Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa oleifera to exhibit significant inhibition activities (p < 0.05) compared to other extracts. Significant median inhibitory concentration (15.3 mg/ml) of Azadirachta indica were observed (p < 0.01) and strong associations of phytochemical compounds of Azadirachta indica (eta = 0.527,p = 0.017), Vernonia amygdalina (eta = 0.123,p = 0.032) and Acalypha wilkesiana (eta = 0.492,p = 0.012) with their respective inhibitory values. Conclusion: Observed high occurrence rate of skin and soft tissue infections caused by biofilm-producing MDR S. aureus requires alternative novel herbal formulations with rich bioactive compounds from Moringa oleifera, Acalypha wilkesiana, Azadirachta indica and Vernonia amygdalina as skin therapeutic agents.Item The use of immobilized microalgal bead concentrations in the removal of ammonium nitrogen from synthetic wastewater.(Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology, 2019) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Oluwole O. R.; Tobin C. M.; Efunwoye O. O.; Awoyemi, S. O.Removal of chemical pollutants has been important in the treatment of wastewater. The effect of Chlorella vulgaris (microalgae) on the removal of ammonium nitrogen (NH +) in 4 synthetic wastewater (wastewater prepared in the laboratory) was investigated. C. vulgaris cells were immobilized in calcium alginate beads to allow diffusion of nutrients but retention of the cells. Concentration of C. vulgaris cells used to treat wastewater were equivalent to 20 g/l, 40 g/l and 80 g/l of wastewater and treatment was under laboratory conditions at 25±2°C. C. vulgaris was effective in the removal of NH + from wastewater; at 4 the end of 24 hours of treatment, there was reduction in the initial concentration of NH + 4 by 78% for 20 g/l. For 40 g/l treatment, there was 97% reduction in NH + and 91% 4 reduction for 80 g/l treatment. After 43 hr of treatment, there was further reduction in NH + for 20 g/l (86%), and 80 g/l (93%) but 40 g/l (97%) remained constant. The 4 concentration of C. vulgaris that showed the best activity in removing NH + -from 4 wastewater was 40 g/l.Item Microbial Production of Ascorbic Acid from Brewery Spent Grain (BSG) by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii(Food and Applied Bioscience Journal, 2018) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Popoola Temitope; Akinloye Oluseyi AdeboyeThis study evaluated the use of Brewery Spent Grain (BSG) as a novel substrate for the production of ascorbic acid using Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii. Spores of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii were cultured in a liquid fermentation medium containing BSG (0.6% w/v) for ascorbic acid production. The process was studied at pH 4–8, temperature range 30–45°C, agitation speed range 60–160 rpm for 168 h. Stability studies and the effects of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (0.5–4.0 g/ml) on ascorbic acid production were studied. Ascorbic acid produced was quantified by titration techniques and with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The statistical analysis of the effects of temperature and agitation speed on ascorbic acid production showed no significant difference at p<0.05. However, there was significant difference in the effect of pH on ascorbic acid production at p<0.05. Optimum ascorbic acid yields of 7.25 g/L and 6.25 g/L were produced by A. tamarii and A. flavus respectively at pH 5.0, temperature (40°C) and agitation speed of 100 rpm at 96 h of fermentation. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) showed that 6.248 g/L and 7.246 g/L of ascorbic acid were produced by A. flavus and A. tamarii, respectively. Ascorbic acid production by A. flavus and A. tamarii was completely inhibited at 4 g/ml of EDTA. This study shows the potential of BSG as a novel substrate for ascorbic acid production.Item Optimization and production of ascorbic acid by fusant cell of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii(Journal of King Saud University – Science, 2019) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Akinduti Akinniyi Paul; Popoola Temitope; Akinloye Oluseyi AdeboyeAscorbic acid is an essential vitamin for the optimal growth of most animals including humans. The complexity and expensive nature of ascorbic acid production necessitates the development of a relatively simple and cost-effective method for its production. Hence, this study explored the potential of a somatic hybrid (fusant cell) of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii for enhanced production of ascorbic acid. Optimization studies of the ascorbic acid fermentation processes were performed at pH range of 4–8, temperature range of 30–45 C and agitation speed range 60–160 rpm for 96 h of fermentation. Quantification of the ascorbic acid produced was done titrimetrically. There was significant difference (P < 0.05) in the ascorbic acid production of the fusant cell and the parental cells. The ascorbic acid produced by the somatic hybrid was 8.85 g/L compared to its parental strains (3.92 g/L and 4.57 g/L). However, pH, temperature and agitation speed had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on ascorbic acid production. The study revealed that maximal ascorbic acid production of 9.95 g/L was obtained at pH 5.0, temperature 40 C and agitation speed of 100 rpm at 96 h of fermentation. This study shows the potential of fusant cell for enhanced ascorbic acid production.Item Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Spent Cooking Oil by Fungal Lipase Using Response Surface Methodology(Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology, 2018) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Adio Olayinka Quadri; Osho Michael Bamitale; Omeike Sunday Osaizuatransesterification for biodiesel production using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Potential biodiesel yield from transesterification was optimized using a three-level four factor Response Surface Central Composite Design (RSCCD) with methanol oil ratio (1:1 to 3:1), temperature range 35-45 °C, agitation speed range 100-200 rpm and enzyme load 10-20%. Biodiesel properties including fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), Flash Point (FP), Pour Point (PP) and kinematic viscosity were compared with American (ASTM D6751) and European Union (EN 14214) standards. Biodiesel production was optimum at 3:1 methanol to oil ratio, temperature of 35 °C, agitation speed of 150 rpm and 20% enzyme load. 9-octadecanoic acid-hydroxyl methyl ester (33.83%) was the prominent FAME produced, while the viscosity (6 mm2/s), density (893 kg/m3), FP (260 °C) and PP (- 0.5 °C) all met both American and European standards. This study showed that RSM is a viable methodology which could be used for optimization of biodiesel production from biological sources.Item Preservation of Lycopersicum esculentum (Tomatoes) with Extracts of Annona muricata (Soursop) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle Plant)(Tropical Life Sciences Research, 2022) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Oluwole Omowunmi R.; Nzei Victoria I.Tomatoes are very important vegetable crops in the world but with a perishable nature. Due to its highly perishable nature, various methods have been investigated to increase its shelf life while still preserving its qualities. Therefore, this study investigated the potentials of the parts of Annona muricata and the calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa in the preservation of tomato fruits. Tomato fruits were washed and treated with powdered, aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves, seeds, bark of the Annona muricata and calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa at different concentrations of 3%, 5%, 6%, 9% and 12% w/v. The tomato fruits were placed in well-aerated baskets for a period of 35 days during which organoleptic and microbial analysis were carried out. The different treatments with Annona muricata and Hibiscus sabdariffa had significant effects on the preservation of the tomato fruits at p < 0.05. The leaves of Annona muricata proved most effective preserving up to 50% of the tomatoes after the monitoring period. Moreover, 6% (w/v) of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Annona muricata resulted in a preservation rate of 75% of the tomato fruits. The spoilage microorganisms isolated from the tomato fruits are Candida krusei, Candida sp., Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sp. The results of this research carried out shows that the extracts of Annona muricata and Hibiscus sabdariffa had significant preservative activities on the tomato fruits (p < 0.05), thus minimising wastes and economic loss to the farmers and country in general.Item Production and characterization of amylase by mixed cultures of Aspergilllus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii(Biokemistri, 2014) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Akpan InyangThis study evaluated the potentials of mixed cultures of Aspergillus flavus and A. tamarii used for enhanced amylase production. Amylase producing moulds were screened from the soil by plating on Remazol Brillant Blue-Starch agar. Out of the 800moulds screened, studies were conducted on amylase production of monocultures and mixed cultures of non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus(A) and Aspergillus tamarii(C) by growing them on rice bran solid media at 30°C for 72h. The synergy between the two moulds was pronounced at 70°C and pH 6.0, 7.0 where the enzyme activity of the mixed culture(E) was 2.5times higher than that of the monocultures. Storage stability with Cassava starch and Soyabean flour showed that the maximal enzyme stability of 95% was obtained with 3% (w/v) of Cassava starch at 4°C while 96% enzyme stability was achieved with 4% (w/v) Soyabean flour at 30°C over a period of 8weeks. Thin Layer Chromatography of starch hydrolysates showed a mixture of glucose and maltose from extracts of A with only maltose from C suggesting that A produced glucoamylase and α- amylase while C produced only α-amylase. This study shows that extracts of the mixed cultures contain enzyme complex that can be of high importance in the starch industry.Item Production Of Ascorbic Acid By Blastoschizomyces spp and Kluyveromyces marxianus From Corn Straw Waste Using Submerged Fermentation(Crawford Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences, 2019) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Omisore A. E.Corn Straw Waste (CSW) as a novel substrate for the production of ascorbic acid by yeasts using submerged fermentation. Cells of Blastoschizomyces spp and Kluyveromyces marxianus were cultured in a liquid fermentation medium containing CSW (0.6 % w/v) for ascorbic acid production. Optimization studies of the ascorbic acid fermentation process was carried out at pH range 4 - 8, temperature range 30 - 45 °C, agitation speed range 50 - 200 rpm for 120 h. Ascorbic acid produced was quantified by titration using 2, 6-Dichlorophenol Indophenol (DCPIP) dye. The statistical analysis of the effects of different concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, temperature and agitation speed on ascorbic acid production showed no significant difference at p<0.05. Optimum ascorbic acid yields of 6.5 g/L and 5.5 g/L were produced by Blastoschizomyces spp and Kluyveromyces marxianus respectively at pH 5, temperature (35 °C) and agitation speed of 100 rpm at 120 h of fermentation. This study shows the potential of Corn straw waste as a novel and economical substrate for ascorbic acid production.Item Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Spent Cooking Oil by Fungal Lipase Using Response Surface Methodology(Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology, 2018) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Adio Olayinka Quadri; Osho Michael Bamitale; Omeike Sunday OsaizuaThis study evaluated the potential of optimizing Spent Cooking Oil (SCO) transesterification for biodiesel production using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Potential biodiesel yield from transesterification was optimized using a three-level four factor Response Surface Central Composite Design (RSCCD) with methanol oil ratio (1:1 to 3:1), temperature range 35-45 °C, agitation speed range 100-200 rpm and enzyme load 10-20%. Biodiesel properties including fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), Flash Point (FP), Pour Point (PP) and kinematic viscosity were compared with American (ASTM D6751) and European Union (EN 14214) standards. Biodiesel production was optimum at 3:1 methanol to oil ratio, temperature of 35 °C, agitation speed of 150 rpm and 20% enzyme load. 9-octadecanoic acid hydroxyl methyl ester (33.83%) was the prominent FAME produced, while the viscosity (6 mm2/s), density (893 kg/m3), FP (260 °C) and PP (- 0.5 °C) all met both American and European standards. This study showed that RSM is a viable methodology which could be used for optimization of biodiesel production from biological sources.Item Optimization and production of ascorbic acid by fusant cell of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii(Journal of King Saud University – Science, 2019) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Akinduti Akinniyi Paul; Temitope Popoola; Akinloye Oluseyi AdeboyeAscorbic acid is an essential vitamin for the optimal growth of most animals including humans. The complexity and expensive nature of ascorbic acid production necessitates the development of a relatively simple and cost-effective method for its production. Hence, this study explored the potential of a somatic hybrid (fusant cell) of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii for enhanced production of ascorbic acid. Optimization studies of the ascorbic acid fermentation processes were performed at pH range of 4–8, temperature range of 30–45 C and agitation speed range 60–160 rpm for 96 h of fermentation. Quantification of the ascorbic acid produced was done titrimetrically. There was significant difference (P < 0.05) in the ascorbic acid production of the fusant cell and the parental cells. The ascorbic acid produced by the somatic hybrid was 8.85 g/L compared to its parental strains (3.92 g/L and 4.57 g/L). However, pH, temperature and agitation speed had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on ascorbic acid production. The study revealed that maximal ascorbic acid production of 9.95 g/L was obtained at pH 5.0, temperature 40 C and agitation speed of 100 rpm at 96 h of fermentation. This study shows the potential of fusant cell for enhanced ascorbic acid production.Item Microbial Production of Ascorbic Acid from Brewery Spent Grain (BSG) by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii(Food and Applied Bioscience Journal, 2018) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Akinloye Oluseyi AdeboyeThis study evaluated the use of Brewery Spent Grain (BSG) as a novel substrate for the production of ascorbic acid using Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii. Spores of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii were cultured in a liquid fermentation medium containing BSG (0.6% w/v) for ascorbic acid production. The process was studied at pH 4–8, temperature range 30–45°C, agitation speed range 60–160 rpm for 168 h. Stability studies and the effects of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (0.5–4.0 g/ml) on ascorbic acid production were studied. Ascorbic acid produced was quantified by titration techniques and with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The statistical analysis of the effects of temperature and agitation speed on ascorbic acid production showed no significant difference at p<0.05. However, there was significant difference in the effect of pH on ascorbic acid production at p<0.05. Optimum ascorbic acid yields of 7.25 g/L and 6.25 g/L were produced by A. tamarii and A. flavus respectively at pH 5.0, temperature (40°C) and agitation speed of 100 rpm at 96 h of fermentation. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) showed that 6.248 g/L and 7.246 g/L of ascorbic acid were produced by A. flavus and A. tamarii, respectively. Ascorbic acid production by A. flavus and A. tamarii was completely inhibited at 4 g/ml of EDTA. This study shows the potential of BSG as a novel substrate for ascorbic acid production.Item GC MS analysis of the Phytocomponents in the plant extracts of Bitter Apple ( Citrullus Colocynthis ) and their Antibacterial activities against selected pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms(Covenant Journal of Physical and Life Sciences, 2022) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Lateef Esther Oluwafunmilade; Malomo M.O.; Chuba C.T.The antibacterial potency of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the seeds and fruit epicarp of Citrullus colocynthis was evaluated against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus using agar-well diffusion method. GC-MS analysis and phytochemical screening of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the seeds and fruit epicarp were carried out. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the fruits of the bitter apple showed inhibitory activities against the test organisms with zones of inhibition ranging between 2 mm and 16 mm, However, the range of inhibition with the seed extract was 5 mm and 18 mm. The GC-MS analysis revealed a total of forty-four and forty-nine phyto-compounds in the extracts of fruits and seeds of C. colocynthis respectively. This study showed that ethanolic extracts of the seeds of bitter apple could be employed in the pharmaceutical industry as a potent antimicrobial agent in the formulation of drugs.Item Effect of some preservative methods on the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of pineapple and watermelon fruit juices(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2021) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Ogunmade Taiwo Oludare; Banjo Temitope Oluwabunmi; Ogundeji Rebecca Omotoyosi; Idowu A.A.; Olaitan A.J.Fruit juices are important sources of nutrient and it contains several important therapeutic properties that may reduce the risk of various diseases. This study was based on the effect of different preservative methods on fruit juices (pineapple and watermelon) and determination of the best method. The fruit juice were preserved using sodium benzoate, lime, pasteurization and the combination of sodium benzoate and pasteurization. Twenty three bacteria and twelve fungi were isolated from the fruit juice. Bacteria isolates include; Salmonella spp, Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella spp and Escherichia coli. Fungi isolated from the pineapple juice include: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Ochrocosis gallopava, Geotrichum candidum and Ochrococus gallapava among others. The result obtained shows that the juice maintained colour, aroma and taste when both sodium benzoate and pasteurization were used to compare when no preservation was used. There is a noticeable increase in the microbial load of the juice when lime was used as the only preservatives at day 0 (4 × 10-5) compared to when sodium benzoate and pasteurization was used at day 0 (1 × 10-5). While combination of sodium benzoate and pasteurization was the best among all other preservative methods. The pH value of the juice was also checked and it was observed that pineapple juice had the lower pH when compared with that of water melon.Item Comparative Preservative Potential of Shea Butter and Coconut Oil on Tomato Fruits (Solanum lycopersicum)(African Scientist, 2023) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Bankole-Ojo Olufunso SamuelTomato fruits are perishable. Hence several methods have been adopted in their preservation which have not been generally accepted due to their health implications. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the potential of coconut oil and sheabutter in the preservation of tomato fruits. Tomato fruits were washed and treated with coconut oil and shea butter which was varied at different concentrations of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 % (w/v). The tomato fruit was placed in well-aerated baskets for 30 days during which organoleptic observation and microbial analysis were investigated. The GC-MS analysis of the coconut and shea butter samples was carried out. The shea butter displayed a higher mean preservation rate of 62 % compared to that of coconut oil with 25 %. The fungal isolates from the fruits included Aspergillus niger, Candida krusei, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida species, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium notatum and Aspergillus terreus. The GC-MS analysis of the coating materials revealed the presence of some compounds that may be responsible for their antimicrobial properties. The study showed that shea butter exhibits the highest preservation rate of tomato fruits thus minimizing waste and economic losses to the farmers and the country in general.Item Comparative studies on ascorbic acid production by single and mixed cultures of Aspergillus flavus and A. tamarii(Covenant Journal of Health and Life Science, 2023) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Akinduti Akinniyi Paul; Lateef Esther OluwafunmiladeAscorbic acid is an antioxidant which promotes increased resistance to infection and acts as preservatives in foods. The complexity and expensive nature of its production led to the search for a relatively simple and cheap method of ascorbic acid production. Hence, this study investigated the potentials of mixed cultures of Aspergillus flavus and A. tamarii for increased ascorbic acid production. Optimization of the fermentation process was carried out at pH (4 – 8), temperature (30 - 45 °C) and agitation speed (60 - 160 rpm) for 96 h. Titration and High Performance Liquid Chromatography techniques were used to determine the quantity of ascorbic acid produced. The highest quantities of ascorbic acid were produced at pH (5.0), temperature (40 °C) and agitation speed of 100 rpm at 96h of fermentation. The highest quantity of ascorbic acid (9.648 g/L) was produced by the mixed culture compared to acid yield of 6.248 and 7.246 g/L by A. flavus and A. tamarii respectively. The ability of the mixed cultures of A. flavus and A. tamarii in hyper-production of ascorbic acid is therefore established in this study.Item Comparative microbiological and physicochemical evaluation of different blends of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) and date (Phoenix dactylifera l.) beverages(Anchor University Journal of Science and Technology, 2024) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Osumare MuibatBackground: The rising cost of animal milk has led to studies being carried out on the formulation of plant-based milk products which can compare favourably in terms of nutritional content and general acceptability to consumers. Objectives: Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the microbiological and physicochemical properties of different blends of tiger nuts and date juice. Methods: Fresh tiger nuts and dates were processed to formulate five beverage blends in these ratios 100:00 (A), 30:70 (B), 50:50 (C), 70:30(D), and 0:100 (E). The physicochemical parameters (pH, moisture content, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), and carbohydrates) of the tiger nut-date blends were determined. Results: The values for the physicochemical parameters obtained are as follows; pH (6.20-6.51), Moisture content (87.11-89.21), TTA (0.021-0.034), TSS (10.79-12.89). Carbohydrates (12.11-13.61). Total plate counts of the beverage ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 x 103 CFU/mL which is below the microbial limit of acceptance of 2.0×105 CFU mL–1. The microorganisms isolated from the beverage are Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the 50:50 tiger nut-date beverage has the highest overall acceptance by the panelists compared to other blends. Conclusions: The tigernut-date beverage (50:50 tigernut-date blend) produced in this study could serve as an alternative to milk and milk products.Item Comparative Microbiological and Physicochemical analysis of Domestic and Industrial wastewater in Ado-Odo Ota LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria(Covenant Journal of Health and Life Science, 2023) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Lateef Esther Oluwafunmilade; Aina Y.O.; Lateef S.A.; Agboola D. A.Wastewater from industrial and domestic sources flows into major bodies of water where people drink and bathe, resulting in a high incidence of severe water- borne infections. This study aims to compare the microbiological and physicochemical parameters of domestic and industrial wastewater in Ado-Odo LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria. Microorganisms were isolated from collected wastewater samples and were phenotypically identified using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial Sensitivity testing was carried out using Kirby Bauer`s disk diffusion technique. The physicochemical analysis of the water samples was also determined using standard analytical methods. A total of nineteen microorganisms were isolated from the samples collected with the predominant organism isolated from the two sources being Escherichia coli. The microorganisms isolated from the industrial wastewater sample were Citrobacter freundii (37.5%), Escherichia coli (37.5%), and Proteus vulgaris (25.0%) while those isolated from the domestic wastewater sample were Klebsiella oxytoca (18.18%), Escherichia coli (45.45%), Proteus vulgaris (9.09%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (9.09%) and Staphylococcus aureus (18.18%). The physicochemical analysis conducted indicated that there were lower levels of impurities in industrial wastewater pH (4.1 ± 0.14), Electrical conductivity (479 ± 1.41), Total Dissolved Solids (223.5 ± 3.53), and Chloride content (168.12) compared to the domestic wastewater with pH (8.05 ± 0.07), Electrical Conductivity (1928± 4.24), Total Dissolved Solids (765.5 ± 0.70) and Chloride content (238.224) which suggests that industrial wastewater has been subjected to series of chemical and biological processes. The presence of Escherichia coli in higher levels in domestic wastewater indicates fecal contamination which is a major public health challenge since this wastewater leaks into various water bodies.