Scholarly Work in Department of Biochemistry
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Item Phytopharmacotherapeutic and Antimicrobial Attributes of Bitter Apple (Citrullus colocynthis) - A Review(Covenant Journal of Physical & Life Sciences, 2021) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Aina Y. O.; Falade F. A.Emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms over the past few decades has resulted in the search for bioactive compounds potent against these microorganisms. Phytochemicals derived from plants have shown positive curative properties and can be extracted from any part of the plant such as the roots, stem or flower. Bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis) has been used traditionally for the treatment of infectious diseases and this has stimulated pharmacological interest in the active ingredients responsible for its medicinal properties. The plant also possesses several biological and pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant. This review discussed the phytochemicals present in C. colocynthis, their mode of action and their antimicrobial attributes.Item Clonal diversity and spatial dissemination of multi-antibiotics resistant Staphylococcus aureus pathotypes in Southwest Nigeria(Plos one, 2021) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Akinduti Akinniyi Paul; Osiyemi Joshua Adekunle; Ejilude Oluwaseun; El-Ashker Maged; Adeyemi Adewale Gideon; Obafemi Yemisi Dorcas; Isibor Patrick OmoregieSpread of genetically diverse Staphylococcus aureus characterized with multi-antibiotic resistance and regulated by high level agr functionalities in several communities in southwest Nigeria was investigated and evaluated for infection control. Staphylococcus aureus pathotypes recovered from 256 cases including purulent pus from skin infections, soft tissue aspirates, wounds, otorrhea, eye, throat and endocervical infections were assayed for biofilm and antibiogram. Further genotyped with micro-array, mapped for geospatial distribution and evaluated for clonal diversity and functional accessory gene regulators (agr). Significant Staphylococci infection among the ages (OR:0.021, CI:0.545–1.914) and female gender with prevalence rate of MSSA (53.0%) and MRSA (1.5%) (OR:1.021, CI:0.374–1.785) were observed. More than 52.5% resistance rates to tetracycline and amoxicillin with significant median resistance were observed in all the infection cases (p = 0.001). Resistance rate of 78.8% at MIC50 32μg/ml and MIC90 128μg/ml to amoxicillin-clavulanate, and more than 40% resistance to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline of MIC90 and MIC50 at 32 μg/ ml were observed. Strains with multi-antibiotic resistance index above 0.83, high beta lactamase and strong biofilm clustered into separate phylo-group. Heterogeneous t442 (wound and pus), t657 (wound), t091 (ear) and t657 (ear and wound) revealed high phylogenetic diversity. Only 4.6% pvl+ MSSA-CC1 agrI, pvl+ MSSA-CC5 (13.6%) and pvl+ MRSA-CC7 agrII (4.6%), expressed enterotoxin, leukocidins, proteases and resistance gene determinants. Livestock clonal types clustered with identified community-associated strains. Clonal dissemination of resistant pvl+ MSSA-CC1 and MRSA-CC5 encoding agr were predominant in several peri-urban communities where adequate geno-surveillance, population target antimicrobial stewardship, extensive community structured infection control programs are needed to prevent further focal dissemination.Item Biosynthesis of Ascorbic Acid by Aspergillus Flavus and Aspergillus Tamarii Immobilized in Afzelia Africana Matrix.(Food and Applied Bioscience Journal, 2018) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Akinloye Oluseyi Adeboye; Popoola TemitopeA novel matrix for the immobilization of ascorbic acid produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii was reported. Spores of A. flavus and A. tamarii were immobilized on Afzelia africana matrix cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (2.5%) and the effects of Afzelia africana gel concentration (9–13%), spore load (100–500 mg/100 ml), bead size (2–7 mm) and bead number (2–10) on ascorbic acid yield were determined. The immobilized fungi were cultured in a liquid fermentation medium containing BSG (0.6% w/v) for ascorbic acid production for 144 h. The ascorbic acid produced was quantified titrimetrically. The statistical analysis of the effects of gel concentration, spore load and bead size on ascorbic acid production showed no significant difference at p>0.05. However, there was significant difference in the effect of bead number on ascorbic acid production at p<0.05. Ascorbic acid yield of 8.5 g/L and 7.5 g/L was produced by Aspergillus tamarii and Aspergillus flavus respectively using 9 beads at 96 h of fermentation. The immobilized Aspergillus tamarii and Aspergillus flavus retained activities of 72% and 70% respectively after five repeated cycle and also exhibited increased activities over the free cells. This study shows the potential of Afzelia africana as a novel matrix for enhanced ascorbic acid production.Item Bioethanol Production from Bitter Yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) and Water Yam (Dioscorea alata) Peels(Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 2019) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Banjo Temitope Oluwabunmi; Ogbonna C.B; Eze O.I.Bioethanol which is an alternative source of fuel to fossil fuels can be produced from renewable crops. However, some of these renewable feedstocks are food competitive. Hence, this study therefore investigated the production of bioethanol from bitter yam and water yam peels. Strains of Aspergillus spp and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were obtained from the Microbiology laboratory of the University and characterized using morphological characteristics. The spores of Aspergillus tamarii and colonies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were cultured in bitter yam and water yam medium using the bitter and water yam peels as substrates for ethanol production at substrate concentrations of 5 – 30 %, temperature range of 25 - 45 oC, agitation speed of 60-160 rev/min and pH range of 4.0 - 8.0. Optimum bioethanol yield of 13 % was obtained with bitter yam peels at substrate concentration of 20 %, temperature of 35 oC, agitation of 100 rev/min and pH of 7.0. Similarly, optimum bioethanol yield of 11 % was obtained with water yam peels at substrate concentration of 20 %, temperature of 35 oC, agitation of 100 rev/min and pH of 5.0. Bioethanol yield from bitter yam peels was observed to be higher than that of water yam peels at substrate concentration of 20 %, temperature of 35 oC, agitation of 100 rev/min and pH of 7.0. This study shows the potential of bitter yam and water yam peels as substrates for the biosynthesis of ethanol which can serve as alternative source of fuel.Item Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Other Pharmacological Activities of Ocimum Species: Potential to Be Used as Food Preservatives and Functional Ingredients(Food Reviews International., 2021) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Javad Sharifi-Rad; Adetunji Charles Oluwaseun; Olaniyan Olugbemi T.; Ojo Stephen Kayode; Micheal Olugbenga Samuel; Osahon Itohan Roli; Olaogun Oluwatoyin Nimota; Banjo Temitope Oluwabunmi; Juliana Bunmi Adetunji; Farukh Sharopov; Natália Cruz-Martins; María del Mar ContrerasOcimum plants are commonly used culinary herbs and fragrant ornamental plants. Beyond this feature, the present review firstly describes scientific studies on the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of several Ocimum species. Secondly, the use of Ocimum plants as ingredients for food preservation, such as meat, fish and dairy products was covered. Thirdly, the phytochemical composition has been reviewed to reinforce further standardization to be Ocimum plants used as preservatives. Finally, other pharmacological properties (cardioprotective activity, anti-diabetic activity, hepato-renal protective activity, anticancer activity) are also reviewed. Overall, these plants can serve to promote food preservatives and functional ingredients, but there are still some challenges to be overcome as this review points out.Item Ascorbic Acid Production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii; Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study(Springer, 2020) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Adeogun Abideen IdowuThis study investigated the fermentation kinetics and thermodynamics of ascorbic acid production from Brewery Spent Grain (BSG) using Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii. Ascorbic acid fermentation of A. flavus and A. tamarii was performed at a temperature of 30 °C, agitation speed of 100 rpm and pH 5.0 at 96 h of fermentation. The thermodynamics, kinetics of the growth parameters and ascorbic acid production were studied using Monod, Contois and Teisser models. Teisser model gave the best fit as it obtained the highest maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and correlation coefficient of 0.184 h−1 and 0.997, respectively, at 40 °C, pH 5.0 and 0.6 g of BSG. The result showed that Teisser model gave a better description of each growth parameter. Hence, the production of ascorbic acid by A. flavus and A. tamarii is growth-associated.Item Investigating prospects of Phyllanthus muellerianus as ecofriendly/ sustainable material for reducing concrete steelreinforcement corrosion in industrial/microbial environment(Energy Procedia, 2015) Ogunlana Oluseyi Ebenezer; Okeniyi Joshua Olusegun; Omotosho Olugbenga Adeshola; Ogunlana Olubanke Olujoke; Okeniyi Elizabeth Toyin; Owoeye Taiwo Felicia; Ogbiye Adebanji SamuelCharacterization and experimental modelling were employed for investigating prospects of Phyllanthus muellerianus as eco-friendly/sustainable material for reducing concrete steel-reinforcement corrosion in industrial/microbial environment. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy/Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy of the inorganic and organic constituent of the leaf, as well as total-corrosion effects of the leaf-extract admixture in steel-reinforced concrete were requisitely analyzed and interpreted. Results showed that Phyllanthus muellerianus is constituted of non-toxic level of inorganic/heavy metals, useful phytochemical constituents and essential heteroatoms that makes it potent with excellent reduction effects on the total-corrosion model of steel-reinforcement in concrete immersed in the industrial/microbial simulating-environment studied.Item Potential Anti-Cancer Flavonoids Isolated From Caesalpinia bonduc Young Twigs and Leaves: Molecular Docking and In Silico Studies(Bioinformatics and Biology Insights, 2019) Ogunlana Oluseyi Ebenezer; Ogunlana Olubanke Olujoke; Iheagwam Franklyn Nonso; Isewon Itunuoluwa; Oyelade JeliliTyrosine kinase (TK), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are important cancer therapeutic target proteins. Based on reported anti-cancer and cytotoxic activities of Caesalpinia bonduc, this study isolated phytochemicals from young twigs and leaves of C bonduc and identified the interaction between them and cancer target proteins (TK, VEGF, and MMP) in silico. AutoDock Vina, iGEMDOCK, and analysis of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the isolated bioactives as therapeutic molecules were performed. Seven phytochemicals (7-hydroxy-4′-methoxy-3,11 dehydrohomoisoflavanone, 4,4′-dihydroxy-2’-methoxychalcone, 7,4′-dihydroxy-3,11-dehydrohomoisoflavanone, luteolin, quercetin-3-methyl, kaempferol-3-O-β d-xylopyranoside and kaempferol- 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-xylopyranoside) were isolated. Molecular docking analysis showed that the phytochemicals displayed strong interactions with the proteins compared with their respective drug inhibitors. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the compounds were promising suggesting that they can be developed as putative lead compounds for developing new anti-cancer drugs.Item Organoleptic, minerals and vitamins’ evaluation of some Nigerian breads(Nigerian food journal, 2007) Ikanone Christopher Efe Oritseweyinmi; Ebuehi O.A. T.; Owolabi O.O.; Amabibi I. T.; Ajekwu A. P.The organoleptic, minerals and vitamins’ evaluation of someNigerian breads were investigated. Five commonly consumed breads in Lagos, Nigeria, which were used for the study. These were Val-U, Nourish, Big-Treat, Unilag and Agege breads. These breads were purchased from reputable outlets within 24h of production. Organoleptic or sensory evaluation of the bread samples was carried out using 5-point hedonic scale and 20 panelists, who were regular consumers of bread. The appearance, odour, taste, texture and general acceptability were scored. Mineral concentrations of Cu2+, Na+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, K+ and Fe2+ ions in the bread samples were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. VitaminsA, B1, B2 and B6 levels in the bread sampleswere analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The percentage mean sensoryscore of appearance, odour, taste, texture, and general acceptability of these breads were between 84.0 and 60.0. Big-Treat White bread recorded the highest score of 84.0% while Agege Bread had the lowest score of 60.0%. Val-Ubread contained the highest concentrations ofminerals,while Big-TreatWhite and Agege breads had the lowest mineral levels. The vitaminAlevel in Big-TreatWhite bread was significantly (p<0.01) higher as compared to other bread samples. There was little or noVitaminB1,B2 andB6 in some of theNigerian breads. Big-Treat White bread was the most preferred, followed byNourish andUnilag breads,whileAgege bread was least preferred of the breads. The Nigerian breads were rich in minerals and vitamin A and the nutrient composition of these breads may have influenced their consumers’preference and general acceptability. In conclusion, Nigerian breads are rich in some micronutrients especiallyvitaminA, calcium, magnesium and potassium , which are essential for normal growth and health of humans.Item Methanolic Extract of Xylopia aethiopica Ameliorates Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Damage in Male Wistar Rats(Annual Review & Research in Biology, 2013) Ikanone Christopher Efe Oritseweyinmi; Ogungbe B. F.; Folorunso O. S.Aims: To examine the ameliorative effect of the methanolic extract of Xylopia aethiopica in acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage male Wistar rats. Study Design: Twelve male rats were randomly grouped into four. A = Control, B = Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxic (PCM-IHT), C = 200 mg/kg b.w treated and D = 400 mg/kg b.w treated. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Lagos State University, Ojo Lagos, Nigeria between November 2011 and March 2012. Methodology: A received 3.0 ml of distilled water, B received 350 mg/kg b.w/day of Paracetamol, C after been induced (B) was treated with 200 mg/kg b.w/day and D after been induced (B) was treated with 400 mg/kg b.w/day of the plant extract. Two days after the last treatment, the serum was used to assay for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase Results: The activities of ALT and AST reduced from 85.83±3.4 U/L and 148.2±9.75 U/L in the induced groups to 39.33±1.67 U/L and 68.84±5.72 U/L when treated with 200mg/kg and 35.67±2.46 U/L and 38.26±3.0 U/L when treated with 400 mg/kg respectively. There was no significant difference when 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w treatments were compared with the control (ALT = 38.0±0.40 U/L and AST = 53.71±2.70 U/L) (P>.05). Similarly, the activities of ALP and ACP reduced from 240.8±3.98 U/L and 152.2±7.91 U/L in them induced groups to 126.0±7.62 U/L and 56.17±1.55 U/L when treated with 200 mg/kg and 188.5±4.71 U/L and 93.55±2.18 U/L when treated with 400mg/kg respectively. The 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w treatments appeared to be significantly different from each other but with former being positively correlated with the control (ALP = 135.8±6.74 U/L and ACP = 61.96±4.12 U/L). Conclusion: The methanolic extract of Xylopia aethiopica possessed hepatoreparative property especially in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity; however, its toxicity needs to be examined.Item Effects of administration of sertraline, clozapine, amitriptyline and imipramine on brain serotonin, liver enzymes and blood chemistry of rabbit(International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2009) Ikanone Christopher Efe Oritseweyinmi; Ebuehi O. A. T.; Balogun A. A.; Akinwande A. I.; Famuyiwa O.O.The chronic administration of sertraline, clozapine, amitriptyline and imipramine on brain serotonin, liver enzymes and blood chemistry of rabbits were investigated. Sixty rabbits were equally divided into 5 groups and each group was intraperitoneally administered 2 ml of 0.5 mg of the respective drug/kg body weight/day) and saline as control for 28 days. After 28 days, the rabbits were sacrificed; blood taken, liver and brain were excised. The concentration of total protein, serotonin, cholesterol and triglyceride in serum, liver and brain were determined. The activities of serum and liver alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase were also assayed. The serum serotonin and brain serotonin levels in rabbits administered the respective drugs were significantly (p<0.01) higher than in rabbits administered saline. Brain protein and cholesterol levels in rabbit administered saline were significantly lower than in those administered sertraline, clozapine, amitriptyline and imipramine, with no difference in the serum protein levels. The activities of serum and liver AST and ALT of rabbits administered saline were significantly lower than in those administered the respective drugs, with the exception of serum ALP. Data from the study indicate that intraperitoneal administration of imipramine or amitriptyline produced a more pronounced effect on brain serotonin, activities of liver derived enzymes in serum and blood chemistry of rabbits compared to sertraline or clozapine.Item Effect of Sub-Acute Exposure to Bonny Light Crude Oil On Plasma Biochemistry and Liver Histopathology of Albino Rat(Animal Research International, 2017) Ikanone Christopher Efe Oritseweyinmi; Akinloye Oluseyi Adeboye; Ugbaja Regina Ngozi; Omotainse Samuel Olatunbosun; Ajayi Olusola Lawrence; Shopein Tolumide MichaelThe study investigated the consequences of the effect of sub-acute exposure to Nigerian Bonny Light Crude Oil (BLCO) crude oil on the blood chemistry and integrity of the liver of male albino rats. A total of 20 male wistar rats were used for the study. Exposure to crude oil was achieved by oral administration of increasing doses (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 ml of BLCO/g body weight) to the rats every day for two weeks. The initial and final body weights were recorded. The toxic effects on the liver were accessed using commercial kits and histopathological studies were carried out using standard histopathological technique. The results revealed that liver cells were damaged due to the crude oil administered. There was significant increase (p<0.05) in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and total and direct bilirubin concentrations, and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the total protein concentration as compared with the control group. Histopathological examinations indicated that crude oil caused severe pathological changes, it also revealed mild to severe disruption of the normal architectural structure of the liver accompanied by the death of many liver cells and the presence of pocket of blood within the liver parenchyma and cholangitis in the group treated with the highest dose (1.00 ml of BLCO /g body weight). The results therefore indicate that the sub-acute administration of the crude oil brought about impaired function of the liver which could lead to liver disease at very low doses and are such the use of the crude oil as a therapy to poisons, convulsion and other gastrointestinal disorders should be discouraged.Item A Time Course Study on Blood Chemistry and Haematological Parameters of Albino Rats Exposed To Microwaved Pellets(Animal Research International, 2021) Ikanone Christopher Efe Oritseweyinmi; Akinloye Oluseyi Adeboye; Ugbaja Regina Ngozi; Ighodaro Osasenaga Macdonald; Chiderah Chukwurah ChiamakaDifferent studies have implicated radiations in diverse health anomalies including genetic mutations and carcinogenesis. The present study sought to investigate any changes in vital blood chemistry indices following intake of micro wave pellet over different lengths of time using animal model (Wistar rats). Thirty-six adult male rats were randomized into three groups (n = 12). Group 1 animals (control) were fed with normal pellets; groups 2 and 3 animals were respectively fed with indirectly and directly micro waved pellets, and water ad libitum. Four animals were sacrificed weekly for three weeks from each group and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analyses. Plasma levels of total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin and haematological indices were determined using standard procedures. Comparative analyses of the control and experimental groups showed that intake of micro waved pellets (both direct and indirect) caused significant (p<0.05) alterations in the physiological levels of total cholesterol, total triglyceride, HDL, LDL, ALP, AST, ALT, total protein, total and indirect bilirubin, by the third week. Although, these parameters did not significantly changed within the first two weeks, but significant (p<0.05) changes in haematological parameters were noticed right from the first week of micro waved pellet intake. Collectively, the outcome of this study apparently substantiates the health risk commonly associated with the intake of micro waved food and therefore discourages its consumption.Item Effect of Boiling and Frying on the Total Carbohydrate, Vitamin C and Mineral Contents of Irish (Solanun tuberosum) and Sweet (Ipomea batatas) Potato Tubers(Nigerian Food Journal, 2014) Ikanone Christopher Efe Oritseweyinmi; Oyekan P.O.In a study aimed at ascertaining whether boiling or frying best conserves nutrients; since the two methods are commonly adapted in Nigeria, the effect of boiling and frying on total carbohydrate, vitamin C and mineral contents of Irish (Solanum tuberosum) and sweet (Ipomea batatas) potato tubers were investigated. The determination of total carbohydrate was carried out using the phenol-sulphuric acid method and the spectrophotometric method was used to determine vitamin C content at 520 nm. The minerals evaluated are iron, zinc, magnesium, sodium, calcium and copper. These were determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the total carbohydrate content of the boiled and fried sweet and Irish potatoes compared with their raw tubers. There was significant difference (p < 0.05) in the vitamin C content of the boiled and fried potato tubers. Boiling and frying of Irish potato resulted in a loss of 37.34 mg/100 ml (63.90%) and 30.44 mg/100 ml (53.90%) vitamin C respectively. Boiled sweet potato lost 51.16 mg/100 ml (72.37%) and fried lost 43.05 mg/100 ml (60.90%) of vitamin C. The mineral compositions of the boiled and fried Irish and sweet potatoes were significantly different (p < 0.05) from their raw tubers. Boiling retained more iron and copper while frying retained more zinc, magnesium, sodium and calcium in both Irish and sweet potato tubers. Boiling retained more carbohydrate while frying retained more vitamin C and minerals.