College of Natural and Applied Sciences (CONAS)

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A green facile one-pot approach to the phytochemical assisted synthesis of 3-D Silicon(IV) oxide nanosheets using the aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem)
(Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 2019) Bankole-Ojo Olufunso Samuel; Oyedeji Folashade Olatunbosun
The present study reports on a green approach for the synthesis of silicon(IV) oxide (SiO2) nanoparticles from SiF62- complexes using phytochemicals from Azadirachta indica as capping and stabilizing agents. The Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopic analysis indicated a broad peak at 380 nm which increased as reaction time increased. Fourier Transform Infrared analysis revealed the presence of Si-O-Si content, and the appearance of phytochemicals such as primary amine and alcohol groups as capping agents. X-ray Diffraction studies showed sharp peaks that confirmed that the nanoparticles were crystalline. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis showed the formation of sheets of SiO2 nanoparticles arranged in a pattern with the sides facing up and sheet thickness ranging from 35 to 50 nm without any agglomeration among the particles. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed a 38 weight percentage of silicon content in the sample and a complete absence of fluorine and potassium which indicated a complete hydrolysis of the precursor.
A Time Course Study on Blood Chemistry and Haematological Parameters of Albino Rats Exposed To Microwaved Pellets
(Animal Research International, 2021) Ikanone Christopher Efe Oritseweyinmi; Akinloye Oluseyi Adeboye; Ugbaja Regina Ngozi; Ighodaro Osasenaga Macdonald; Chiderah Chukwurah Chiamaka
Different studies have implicated radiations in diverse health anomalies including genetic mutations and carcinogenesis. The present study sought to investigate any changes in vital blood chemistry indices following intake of micro wave pellet over different lengths of time using animal model (Wistar rats). Thirty-six adult male rats were randomized into three groups (n = 12). Group 1 animals (control) were fed with normal pellets; groups 2 and 3 animals were respectively fed with indirectly and directly micro waved pellets, and water ad libitum. Four animals were sacrificed weekly for three weeks from each group and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analyses. Plasma levels of total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin and haematological indices were determined using standard procedures. Comparative analyses of the control and experimental groups showed that intake of micro waved pellets (both direct and indirect) caused significant (p<0.05) alterations in the physiological levels of total cholesterol, total triglyceride, HDL, LDL, ALP, AST, ALT, total protein, total and indirect bilirubin, by the third week. Although, these parameters did not significantly changed within the first two weeks, but significant (p<0.05) changes in haematological parameters were noticed right from the first week of micro waved pellet intake. Collectively, the outcome of this study apparently substantiates the health risk commonly associated with the intake of micro waved food and therefore discourages its consumption.
Antibacterial activities of plant leaf extracts against multi-antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with skin and soft tissue infections.
(BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 2022) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Akinduti Akinniyi Paul; Emoh‑Robinson Victoria; Obamoh‑Triumphant H. F.; Obafemi Yemisi Dorcas
Background: The antibacterial activities of aqueous leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera, Vernonia amygdalina, Azadirachta indica and Acalypha wilkesiana against multidrug resistance (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus associated with skin and soft tissue infections were investigated. Methods: Staphylococcus aureus (n = 183) from the skin and soft tissue infections with evidence of purulent pus, effusions from aspirates, wounds, and otorrhea were biotyped, and evaluated for biofilm production. The phenotypic antibiotic resistance and MDR strains susceptibility to plant leaves extract were determined using disc diffusion and micro-broth dilution assays respectively. The correlation of plant extract bioactive components with inhibitory activities was determined. Results: High occurrence rate of S. aureus were recorded among infant and adult age groups and 13.2% mild biofilm producers from the wound (p < 0.05). Of 60.2% MDR strains with overall significant MARI of more than 0.85 (p < 0.05), high resistant rates to linozidine (92.7%; 95% CI:7.27–10.52), ofloxacin (94.2%; 95% CI:6.09–8.15), chloramphenicol (91.2%; 95% CI:6.11–8.32), gentamicin (97.3%; 95% CI:6.20–8.22), ciprofloxacin (92.7%; 95% CI: 5.28–7.99) and vancomycin (86.6%; 95% CI:6.81–9.59) were observed. Vernonia amygdalina and Azadirachta indica showed significant antimicrobial activity at 100 mg/ml and 75 mg/ml, with low susceptibility of less than 10% to 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 75 mg/ml Moringa oleifera. Alkaloids, saponin and terpenoids were significant in Moringa oleifera, Acalypha wilkesiana, Azadirachta indica and Vernonia amygdalina leaves extracts (p < 0.05). High inhibitory concentrations at IC50; 3.23, 3.75 and 4.80 mg/ml (p = 0.02, CI: − 0.08 – 11.52) and IC90; 12.9, 7.5, and 9.6 mg/ml (p = 0.028, CI: 2.72–23.38) were shown by Acalypha wilkesiana, Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa oleifera respectively. Comparative outcome of the plant extracts showed Acalypha wilkesiana, Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa oleifera to exhibit significant inhibition activities (p < 0.05) compared to other extracts. Significant median inhibitory concentration (15.3 mg/ml) of Azadirachta indica were observed (p < 0.01) and strong associations of phytochemical compounds of Azadirachta indica (eta = 0.527,p = 0.017), Vernonia amygdalina (eta = 0.123,p = 0.032) and Acalypha wilkesiana (eta = 0.492,p = 0.012) with their respective inhibitory values. Conclusion: Observed high occurrence rate of skin and soft tissue infections caused by biofilm-producing MDR S. aureus requires alternative novel herbal formulations with rich bioactive compounds from Moringa oleifera, Acalypha wilkesiana, Azadirachta indica and Vernonia amygdalina as skin therapeutic agents.
Antibacterial Activities of Selected Green Seaweeds from West African Coast
(EC Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2020) Agbaje-Daniels Folashade; Adeleye Adeyemi; Nwankwo Duke; Adeniyi Bola; Seku Francis; Beukes Denzil
The continually increasing antibiotic resistance amongst microorganisms had steered up an increased intensity in the search for new drugs. The marine environment had been reported to be a great source of novel compounds with diverse biological activities and this had engendered the attention of researcher globally, but the West African Coast despite being blessed with a variety of Macro-algae remain untapped. This study was, therefore, embarked upon to investigate the antibacterial activities of selected green algal species from the West African coast. Crude extracts of Ulva fasciata, Ulva lactuca, Chladophora vagabunda, Caulepa taxifolia, Chaetomorpha antennina and Chaetomorpha linum were obtained by maceration using Dichloromethane/methanol (DCM/MeOH), chloroform/methanol (CHL/MeOH) 90% (v/v), Ethanol and Diethyl ether as solvents. Extracts were screened against some bacterial pathogens including Gram-positive bacteria- clinical strain (Sa I), S. aureus laboratory strain (Sa II), S. aureus ATCC 25922 (Sa III), Bacillus subtilis (Bs), Streptococcus pneumonia (Sp), Streptococcus faecalis (Sf) and Mycobacterium aurum (Ma). Gram-negative test bacteria were Escherichia coli clinical (Ec I) and Escherichia coli laboratory strain (Ec II), Escherichia coli NCTC 10418 (Ec III), E. coli ATCC 25923 (Ec IV), Proteus vulgaris (Pv), Proteus mirabilis (Pm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) Pseudomonas putida (Pp), Salmonella typhi clinical strain (St I), Salmonella typhi NCTC 8385 (St II), Serratia macerans (Sm) and Klebsiella pneumonia (Kp). Crude extracts were obtained using Antibacterial screening was carried out by disc diffusion method. The result analysis was done by mean ± SD. The result showed that all the screened algae had antibacterial activity against at least one of the test organisms. Four (57%) of the seven algal species tested demonstrated inhibitory activities against the Gram-positive test bacteria while all the seven species tested showed inhibitory activities against the Gram-negative test bacteria. Highest inhibitory zone against Gram-negative bacterial species was observed in dichloromethane/methanol extract of Caulepa taxifolia (DCCT) against E. coli measuring 14.67 mm while the highest activity against Gram-positive bacterial strain was observed in diethyl acetate extract of Chaetomorpha antennina (DECA) against S. aureus (SaII) with an inhibitory zone of 17.67 mm. Extracts of Chaetomorpha antennina showed the highest inhibitory activities in this study. The result of this study showed that extracts from species of green macro-algae from the West African Coast possess antibacterial compounds that can serve as lead drug candidates in the quest for new antibacterial therapy if well explored.
Antibacterial Screening of Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid functionalized silver nanoparticles synthesized by the microalgae Bryopsis pennata and Caulerpa taxifolia
(Journal of Applied Surfaces and Interfaces, 2023) Agbaje-Daniels Folashade; Bankole-Ojo Olufunsho Samuel; Ukoh N.
Abstract: The loss of antibiotics efficacy over common infections has raised concerns and resulted in significant research efforts to the search for new antibiotics or chemically altering existing ones for a better control of infectious diseases. In this study, the aqueous extracts of Bryopsis pennata and Caulerpa taxifolia were used to synthesize silver nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were functionalized with Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (amoxiclav). UV/visible spectroscopy was used to monitor the synthesis of the silver nanoparticles. The organic surface groups responsible for the capping and stabilization of the nanoparticles were analyzed using Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) studies showed that the silver nanoparticles formed had sizes in the range of 7 nm to 65 nm. The aqueous extracts of Bryopsis pennata and Caulerpa taxifolia showed very low activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca and Bacillus mycoides. Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococus aureus with values for the zone of growth inhibition ranging from 7 mm to 15 mm for both extracts at the maximum concentration of 500 μg/mL. Silver nanoparticles exhibited much higher activity than their respective extracts as the zone of growth inhibition values ranged between 23 mm to 26 mm at the maximum concentration. The activity of Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid was improved when conjugated with silver nanoparticles with very high values for the zone of growth inhibition ranging from 30 mm to 34 mm at the maximum concentration of 500 μg/mL. Therefore, the functionalization of silver nanoparticles with antibiotics is medicinally important and can be used to improve the activity of existing antibiotics.
Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil and Extracts of Gongronema latifolium Decne on Bacterial Isolates from Blood Stream of HIV Infected Patients
(Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2011) Agbaje-Daniels Folashade; Adeleye Isaac Adeyemi; Omadime M.
The essential oil as well as aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Gongronema latifolium leaves was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against bacteria isolated from blood streams of HIV patients in Lagos. Using agar diffusion method, the essential oil and the extracts showed moderate inhibitory activity against all the Stphylococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Shigella sp., Salmonella sp., Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Onchrobactrum anthropi and Candida albicans. The zones of inhibition values recorded were comparable to control antibiotic ampicillin but less than that of Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol. The MIC for essential oil ranged between 5-40 μg mL-1, while MBC also ranged between 5-40 μg mL-1, the MIC and MBC for ethanol extract ranged between 3.125-12.5 mg mL-1 and 3.125-25.0 mg mL-1, while aqueous extract MIC range between 6.25-25.0 mg mL-1 and MBC also ranged between 6.25-25.0 mg mL-1, respectively. Extracts of Gongronema latifolium may be useful in ethnomedicine and in the treatment of blood stream infections in HIV patients. Essential oil from Gongronema latifolium leaves (Endl.) Decne was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The oil was dominated by linear aliphatic compounds (27.06%),unsaturated fatty acids which was characterized by high percentage of Phthalic acid (18.61%), oleic acids (5.2%), arachidic acid (2.34%) and fumaric acid (2.22%). Monoterpenes including camphor, β-Cymene and phytol.
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Other Pharmacological Activities of Ocimum Species: Potential to Be Used as Food Preservatives and Functional Ingredients
(Food Reviews International., 2021) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Javad Sharifi-Rad; Adetunji Charles Oluwaseun; Olaniyan Olugbemi T.; Ojo Stephen Kayode; Micheal Olugbenga Samuel; Osahon Itohan Roli; Olaogun Oluwatoyin Nimota; Banjo Temitope Oluwabunmi; Juliana Bunmi Adetunji; Farukh Sharopov; Natália Cruz-Martins; María del Mar Contreras
Ocimum plants are commonly used culinary herbs and fragrant ornamental plants. Beyond this feature, the present review firstly describes scientific studies on the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of several Ocimum species. Secondly, the use of Ocimum plants as ingredients for food preservation, such as meat, fish and dairy products was covered. Thirdly, the phytochemical composition has been reviewed to reinforce further standardization to be Ocimum plants used as preservatives. Finally, other pharmacological properties (cardioprotective activity, anti-diabetic activity, hepato-renal protective activity, anticancer activity) are also reviewed. Overall, these plants can serve to promote food preservatives and functional ingredients, but there are still some challenges to be overcome as this review points out.
Application of Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing to Aquaculture and Fisheries Potentials of Shiroro Lake, Niger State.
(Annual School of Science and Science education conference Federal University of Technology Minna, 2006) Kolo Reuben Jiya; Ibrahim S.U; Sadiku S.O.E; Halilu A.S
The study examines the application of Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing to aquaculture and Fisheries Potentials of Shiroro Lake. By integrating physico-chemical parameters into Geographic Information System database. This also involved identifying and estimating potential areas of aquaculture development. To provide focus for the study. Five sampling sites (stations) were selected within the lake basin. Multispectral hand satellites image was used to detect suitable areas of the lake for aquaculture, and fishery production. The suitability raising was established based on physico-chemical data obtained from previous survey which identified station IV (River Dinya entering point) as the most suitable site for aquaculture followed by station I (Dam Crest) as suitable station V (River Munya entering point) moderately suitable while station II (River Kaduna entering point) and station IIl River Sarkin Pawa entering point) classified as unsuitable based on the scale of the ideal ranges of all the physico-chemical parameters
Ascorbic Acid Production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii; Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study
(Springer, 2020) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Adeogun Abideen Idowu
This study investigated the fermentation kinetics and thermodynamics of ascorbic acid production from Brewery Spent Grain (BSG) using Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii. Ascorbic acid fermentation of A. flavus and A. tamarii was performed at a temperature of 30 °C, agitation speed of 100 rpm and pH 5.0 at 96 h of fermentation. The thermodynamics, kinetics of the growth parameters and ascorbic acid production were studied using Monod, Contois and Teisser models. Teisser model gave the best fit as it obtained the highest maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and correlation coefficient of 0.184 h−1 and 0.997, respectively, at 40 °C, pH 5.0 and 0.6 g of BSG. The result showed that Teisser model gave a better description of each growth parameter. Hence, the production of ascorbic acid by A. flavus and A. tamarii is growth-associated.
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Parts of Ijoko Area, Sango-Otta Axis of Southwestern Nigeria
(Scientific Review, 2019) Dairo Victoria Abiola; Fagoyinbo Victor Oludare; Mac-tyger Godson
A total of 26 water samples comprising of well, river and borehole waters were subjected to physico-chemical tests to evaluate its quality. The result of the physical characteristics shows that the average pH value, total dissolved solid and electrical conductivity is 4.9, 1027.31mg/L and 1526.92mg/L respectively. Thus, relatively above the desirable limit for drinking water while the ionic dominance of the major cations and anions reveal high concentration of Na+ and Cl- amidst other ions in the order of Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+> K+ and Cl->HCO3- > SO42- respectively wherein the water was classified as belonging to Na-Cl facies and unsuitable for irrigation purpose.
Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in Sediments from Ologe Lagoon, Agbara, Lagos, Nigeria
(Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2019) Adeyemi Moyosoluwa Odunayo; Olusola Johnson Adedeji; Akpobasah Oghenemaro; Adidi Nathan Eyituoyo; Shelle Rafiu Olaniyi Dada
This study was carried out to assess the level of heavy metals pollution in Ologe Lagoon, Agbara, Lagos, Nigeria. The Lagoon receives effluents from industries in the Agbara Industrial Estate. Cored Soft sediments were retrieved from six random sampling points within the Lagoon and labeled (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6). Subsamples of the sediments were prepared and analyzed for heavy metal concentration. The result from the heavy metal analysis of the sediments shows that average concentration of Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu and Pb in the samples was 278.1 ppm, 21.7 ppm, 14.2 ppm, 6.6 ppm, 6.4 ppm, 6.4 ppm and 4.4 ppm, respectively. The correlation between the heavy metals varies from 0.71 to 0.98 shows that they have a strongly positive degree of association which suggests that they are from the same source. The geo-accumulation values for Cu in all stations ranged between (1 - 2.8 ppm) and it can be deduced that the sediments are moderately to strongly polluted. Pb varies between 1 and 2.1 suggesting that the sediments are moderately polluted. Zn exhibits strong pollution levels with a range from 2.5 and 3.5 ppm. Co is moderately polluted with 1.5 - 2.4 while Mn shows the highest level of pollution in all stations with Igeo values ranging between 4.1 and 5.8. This study showed that the Lagoon accumulates heavy metals as a result of anthropogenic activities evident in the dumping of municipal, sewage, industrial waste in the environment and domestic activities such as auto mobile transportation and mechanic repair workshop. Based on sediment quality guidelines, the Ologe Lagoon level of pollution ranged from Cu > Pb > Zn > Ni > Co > Mn > Cr > Al with Mn having the highest level of pollution.
Assessment of Physico-Chemical Parameters of River Sabon Dagah, Minna, Niger State
(Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal for the Tropics, 2024-04) Kolo Reuben Jiya; Amesa V. S.; Babalola O. J.; Adeniyi N. O.
The study on the assessment of the physico-chemical parameters of Sabon Dagah River Minna, Niger State, was carried out from May to September, 2019 with the aim of determining the physical and chemical parameters of Sabon Dagah River and also to identify the fish that may be present in the river. Four sampling stations were selected, namely: Upstream (Station 1), before the bridge (Station 2), after the bridge (Station 3) and downstream (Station 4). The physico-chemical parameters were determined using standard methods, procedures and techniques. The results obtained showed the results of the measured parameters water temperature (26.35±0.20°C to 28.33±0.08°C), pH (6.52±0.05 to 9.08±0.10), conductivity (118.0±1.32 μs/cm to 195.75±0.76 μs/cm), total alkalinity (3.65±0.25 mg/L to 25.5±0.42 mg/L), total hardness (64.5±1.18 mg/L to 34.9±2.31 mg/L), chloride (8.32±0.28 mg/L to 11.21±0.32 mg/L), calcium (6.30±0.75 mg/L to 22.15±0.65 mg/L), CO2 (0.75±0.04 mg/L to 3.41±0.31 mg/L), total dissolved solids (51.84±1.18 mg/L to 125.28±0.46). The assessment of River Sabon Dagah's water quality revealed variations among sampling stations and months. While some parameters met WHO standards, others, like dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand, indicated potential pollution sources such as agricultural runoff and industrial discharges. Conservation efforts and pollution control measures are vital to safeguard the river's health and freshwater resources in the region.
Assessment of the Spatio-temporal environmental parameters of surface water in Gurara reservoir, Kaduna state, Nigeria
(International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2019) Kolo Reuben Jiya; Iliya Auta Yohanna; Ojutiku R. O.; Arimoro F. O.; Mohammed A. Z.; Musa B. B.
Water is one of the main concerns in developing countries. In order to deal with this problem, an assessment of the spatio-temporal environmental parameters of surface water of Gurara Reservoir in Kaduna State was studied for twelve months from (March 2017-February, 2018). The physico-chemical parameters were determined monthly using standard methods. They includes water and air temperature, pH, Dissolved oxygen (DO), biological Oxygen demand (BOD), Nitrate (No3-N), phosphorus (Po4-P), Total Hardness (TH), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Total dissolved Solid (TDS) and depth. All results were analyzed using descriptive analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Principal component analysis (PCA) was use to correlate the physico-chemical variables among the stations and months. All the parameters fluctuate between the stations. These was mostly noted within the seasons and most of the values increase as a results of influx of municipal waste, runoff from agricultural fields, herbicides and pesticides, deforestation and other chemicals. Although most of the environmental variable values recorded were within the standard permissible limits set by Nigeria Industrial Standard (NIS, 2007) and (WHO, 2014), few stations within the reservoir are inclined toward eutrophication, therefore, the conservation and management of this water body is very much required.
Bioethanol Production from Bitter Yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) and Water Yam (Dioscorea alata) Peels
(Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 2019) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Banjo Temitope Oluwabunmi; Ogbonna C.B; Eze O.I.
Bioethanol which is an alternative source of fuel to fossil fuels can be produced from renewable crops. However, some of these renewable feedstocks are food competitive. Hence, this study therefore investigated the production of bioethanol from bitter yam and water yam peels. Strains of Aspergillus spp and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were obtained from the Microbiology laboratory of the University and characterized using morphological characteristics. The spores of Aspergillus tamarii and colonies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were cultured in bitter yam and water yam medium using the bitter and water yam peels as substrates for ethanol production at substrate concentrations of 5 – 30 %, temperature range of 25 - 45 oC, agitation speed of 60-160 rev/min and pH range of 4.0 - 8.0. Optimum bioethanol yield of 13 % was obtained with bitter yam peels at substrate concentration of 20 %, temperature of 35 oC, agitation of 100 rev/min and pH of 7.0. Similarly, optimum bioethanol yield of 11 % was obtained with water yam peels at substrate concentration of 20 %, temperature of 35 oC, agitation of 100 rev/min and pH of 5.0. Bioethanol yield from bitter yam peels was observed to be higher than that of water yam peels at substrate concentration of 20 %, temperature of 35 oC, agitation of 100 rev/min and pH of 7.0. This study shows the potential of bitter yam and water yam peels as substrates for the biosynthesis of ethanol which can serve as alternative source of fuel.
Biosynthesis of Ascorbic Acid by Aspergillus Flavus and Aspergillus Tamarii Immobilized in Afzelia Africana Matrix.
(Food and Applied Bioscience Journal, 2018) Banjo Temitope Temitayo; Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju; Akinloye Oluseyi Adeboye; Popoola Temitope
A novel matrix for the immobilization of ascorbic acid produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii was reported. Spores of A. flavus and A. tamarii were immobilized on Afzelia africana matrix cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (2.5%) and the effects of Afzelia africana gel concentration (9–13%), spore load (100–500 mg/100 ml), bead size (2–7 mm) and bead number (2–10) on ascorbic acid yield were determined. The immobilized fungi were cultured in a liquid fermentation medium containing BSG (0.6% w/v) for ascorbic acid production for 144 h. The ascorbic acid produced was quantified titrimetrically. The statistical analysis of the effects of gel concentration, spore load and bead size on ascorbic acid production showed no significant difference at p>0.05. However, there was significant difference in the effect of bead number on ascorbic acid production at p<0.05. Ascorbic acid yield of 8.5 g/L and 7.5 g/L was produced by Aspergillus tamarii and Aspergillus flavus respectively using 9 beads at 96 h of fermentation. The immobilized Aspergillus tamarii and Aspergillus flavus retained activities of 72% and 70% respectively after five repeated cycle and also exhibited increased activities over the free cells. This study shows the potential of Afzelia africana as a novel matrix for enhanced ascorbic acid production.
Biozonation and Correlation of Two Wells in Niger Delta Using Calcareous Nannofossils
(Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, 2016) Dairo Victoria Abiola; Oladiran Mary Olutimilehin
Two wells drilled in the offshore of Niger Delta were biostratigraphically analyzed and correlated, based on their calcareous nannofossils content. The 98 analyzed samples were collected from the Well MAY-01 at interval range of 40ft. (12.19m) to 120ft (36.58m) from the depth of 4050ft. (1234.40m) to 11700ft. (3566.16m), while in the second well, Well MAY-02, at interval range of 30ft (9.12m) from the depth of 7200ft. (2194.56m) down to 9850ft. (3002.28m). In all, twenty calcareous nannofossil species were identified and used for biozonation and correlation. The distribution of the calcareous nannofossil species in the two wells enabled the establishment of zones belonging to the upper Miocene; NN9 and NN11, while NN10 was not recorded. The most abundant calcareous nannofossils identified are Discoaster hamatus, Discoaster berggrenii, Discoaster quinqueramus, Ceratolithus armatus and Ceratolithus cris-tatus. The two biozones of calcareous nannofossils identified from May-01 and May-02 wells were correlated based on their short stratigraphic range and found to be similar in the two studied successions.
Bounds of the Radio Number of Stacked-Book Graph with Odd Paths
(arXiv preprint, 2022) Adefokun Tayo Charles; Ajayi Deborah Olayide
A Stacked-book graph Gm,n is obtained from the Cartesian product of a star graph Sm and a path Pn, where m and s are the orders of the star graph and the path respectively. Obtaining the radio number of a graph is a rigorous process, which is dependent on diameter of G and positive difference of non-negative integer labels f(u) and f(v) assigned to any two u, v in the vertex set V (G) of G. This paper obtains tight upper and lower bounds of the radio number of Gm,n where the path Pn has an odd order. The case where Pn has an even order has been investigated.
Carbon-covered alumina-supported ZnO nanocatalysts with enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance for the removal of dyes
(Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2022) Folawewo Abayomi David; Bala Muhammad D.
In this study, environmentally sustainable catalysts were prepared economically as a positive step in directly using visible light to degrade wastewater polluted with industrial dyes. Hence, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocatalysts doped with carbon-covered alumina (CCA) were fabricated by the sol–gel technique using zinc acetate as the precursor and CCA as the support. Various methods were used to characterize the catalysts, including XRD, TEM, EDS-SEM UV/Vis-DRS, EIS, PL, and BET. The new CCA-supported catalysts are crystalline with high surface areas. The photocatalytic capability of the catalysts was studied using azo dyes as model pollutants. Hence, sunset yellow and tartrazine were degraded up to 99% by the catalysts, which were also recycled five times without loss in activity. Details on the kinetics and mechanistic mode of catalyst action are presented and analysed. Chemical oxygen demand measurements further confirmed the mineralization of the dyes. The study showed that the ZnO/CCA/Vis photocatalysis has good prospects of adoption for large-scale pre-treatment of dye-polluted wastewaters. This technique is suited to the food, textile and allied industries that employ substantial quantities of colourants.
Characterization And Pathogenicity Of Vibrio Spp. Contaminating Seafoods In Lagos, Nigeria.
(Internet Journal of Food Safety,, 2010) Agbaje-Daniels Folashade; Adeleye Isaac Adeyemi; Enyinnia V. A
Twenty-five seafood samples (shrimps, crabs and cuttle fish) collected from seven Fishing Companies and some local fishermen in Lagos, Nigeria, were examined for the presence of Vibrio species. A total of 44 vibrios belonging to five different species were isolated. The most predominant species was Vibrio alginolyticus (31.8%), followed by V. harveyi (27.3%), V. mimicus (22.7%), V. parahaemolyticus (11.4) and V. cholerae (6.8%). All the strains of V. mimicus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae and some strains of V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi lysed human red blood cells. None of the isolates tested elicited fluid accumulation in the experimental mice. However, histology sections showed that V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, two strains of V. mimicus, one strain each of V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi caused erosion of the epithelial linings of the intestines of the experimental mice. This indicates that the organisms can cause infections in humans by invasion of the epithelial linings of the intestine.
Characterization of Volatile Components of Epa-Ijebu: A Native Wonder Cure Recipe
(Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2011) Agbaje-Daniels Folashade; Adeleye Isaac Adeyemi; Omadime M.
Essential oils and volatile compound from Epa-Ijebu, a native cure-all concoction was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed using Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in an attempt to determine the major constituents that could be responsible for the acclaimed curative ability of this concoction over diverse illnesses. Twelve major organic compounds were identified of which Fatty acids were most prevalent (35.52%). This was followed by normal alkanes such as nonadecene, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane and heneicosane (constituting 26.5%),2-p-nitrophenyl-oxadiazol-1,3,4-one-5 (18.18%), Quinoline (5.96%), Benzothiazole (4.87%) , Alcohol (2.48%) and other compounds in traces. The prevalence of fatty acid extracts as well as quinoline, benzothiazole and alchohol may be responsible for the anti-bacterial and antifungal as well as other curative ability of this local concoction.

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